作为道德判断和不正义的社会压迫来源的“厚概念”  

Thick Concepts as Social Factors of Oppression on Moral Decisions and Injustice

作　　者：欧赞·阿尔提诺克 祁玥 Ozan Altan Altinok(Center for Ethics and Law in Life Sciences,Leibniz University of Hannover)

机构地区：[1]汉诺威莱布尼兹大学生命科学伦理学与法律中心 [2]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2022年第4期116-128,共13页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：无论是在行动理论的脉络中,还是在其他元伦理学领域,社会性道德责任都在道德哲学中获得了更多的重视。虽然多样的社会行动带来了多种维度的社会责任模式,但本文的目标仅在于谈论在我们思考和实践中的一个特定的社会性道德概念,即厚的伦理概念。瓦尔加斯的“道德生态学”概念1是理解社会性道德责任的可行工具,并试图通过赋予个体行动者在其所处道德生态中更加主动的地位来拓展这一理论。当人们以一种更复杂的、在某些情况下相互作用的方式来理解主体及其周围生态之间的关系时,就可以对所置身的不理想的道德境况有一个更好、更细致的理解,同时保持社会环境中各主体的某种道德责任。本文将使用生物行为理论中既有的“生态位构建”和“生态位选择”这两个概念来指称主体主动塑造其环境的情况。Social dimension of moral responsibility has started to gain more attention in moral philosophy,be it within the network of action theory,or any other meta-ethical domain.Although there are many social acts and therefore social dimensions of responsibility,I aim to indicate one aspect of sociality in our thinking and practice,particularly in our moral thinking,that is the thick concepts.In this work,I consider Vargas’s concept moral ecology(2015,2018)as a tool to understand certain social aspects of moral responsibility,while claiming to extend his line of thinking in moral ecology by giving a more active role to the individual agent within the ecology that she is engaged in.I claim that when we understand the relationships between the agent and her surrounding ecology in a more complex,and under certain circumstances in a rather reciprocal way,we can have a better and more nuanced understanding of non-ideal moral landscapes that we are engaged in,while maintaining a certain kind of responsibility to the agents in their social environments.I will use the term niche construction and niche selection-concept that are already at use within the similar biological line of thought within action-to refer to such situations where agents are actively shaping their environments.

关 键 词：厚的概念 隐性偏见 道德生态学 证言不正义 生态位构建 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]