皖北地区芝麻种植全程机械化技术和装备应用研究  

Application of Whole Process Mechanization Technologies and Equipment for Sesame Planting in Northern Anhui Area

作　　者：林勇翔[1] 汪强[1] 张子福[2] 刘路 朱浩杰 赵莉[1] 张祎[1] 张银萍[1] LIN Yongxiang;WANG Qiang;ZHANG Zifu;LIU Lu;ZHU Haojie;ZHAO Li;ZHANG Yi;ZHANG Yinping(Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei Anhui 230031;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linquan County,Linquan Anhui 236400;School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]临泉县农业技术推广中心,安徽临泉236400 [3]安徽农业大学工学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2023年第3期5-9,13,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系芝麻机械化岗位项目(CARS-14-1-26)。

摘　　要：本研究在皖北地区临泉县试点开展了芝麻种植全程机械化技术和装备应用试验,选用宜机收、抗落粒芝麻新品种豫芝ND837进行种植,对机械化种植与人工种植作业效率进行对比分析。结果表明,机械化播种效率是人工播种的29倍,无人机植保作业效率是人工喷药植保的6倍,联合收割机收获效率是传统人工收获的576倍。相比人工种植作业,采用机械化种植在各生产环节均节本增效,可节约生产成本5938元/hm2。试验结果为推动皖北地区芝麻产业升级起到了较好的示范作用,并为进一步改进芝麻机械化种植技术和装备提供了参考。This study carried out an application test of whole process mechanization technologies and equipment for sesame planting in Linquan County of northern Anhui area.The new sesame variety Yuzhi ND837 with resistance to shattering suitable for mechanized planting was selected and planted,and the operation efficiency of mechanized planting and artificial cultivation was compared and analyzed.The results showed that the efficiency of mechanized seeding was 29 times that of manual seeding.The operation efficiency of the plant protection drone was 6 times that of manual spraying plant protection.The harvesting efficiency of combine-harvester was 576 times that of traditional manual harvesting.Compared with the manual planting operation,the use of mechanized planting was cost-saving and high efficiency in all production processes,which could save production cost of 5938 yuan/hm2.The test results play a good demonstration role in promoting the upgrading of sesame industry in northern Anhui area,and provide references for further improvement of mechanized planting technology and equipment of sesame.

关 键 词：芝麻 机械化 技术 装备 效率 

分 类 号：S233.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程]