水分胁迫对不同基因型马铃薯产量形成、光合生理特性及根系发育的影响  

Effects of Water Stress on Yield Formation, Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Root Development of Different Genotypes of Potato

作　　者：赵冀 赵喜娟 方爱国 张瑞玖 张耀辉 宋波涛[2] 马恢 ZHAO Ji;ZHAO Xijuan;FANG Aiguo;ZHANG Ruijiu;ZHANG Yaohui;SONG Botao;MA Hui(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China;Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000 [2]农业农村部马铃薯生物学与生物技术重点实验室/华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2022年第6期508-516,共9页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：农业农村部“国家马铃薯产业技术体系张家口综合试验站”(CARS-09-ES01)。

摘　　要：河北坝上地区是中国的优质马铃薯产区,但该区域干旱少雨且地下水资源开采过度,严重限制了当地马铃薯生产推广。为明确不同基因型马铃薯对水分胁迫的响应特征,在抗旱棚中人工控水条件下,以敏感品种‘夏坡蒂’对照,对品种‘京张薯1号’‘京张薯2号’‘京张薯3号’‘冀张薯8号’和‘冀张薯12号’的现蕾期干旱胁迫表型进行了评价。干旱胁迫条件下所有品种的平均单薯重和产量下降,‘京张薯1号’‘京张薯2号’和‘冀张薯12号’抗旱系数分别为0.68、0.68、0.67,属强抗旱品种;‘京张薯3号’和‘冀张薯8号’抗旱系数为0.63和0.60,属抗旱品种;‘夏坡蒂’减产严重,抗旱系数为0.45,属干旱敏感品种。干旱胁迫15 d时,‘京张薯1号’和‘夏坡蒂’净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著高于其他品种;干旱胁迫30 d时,‘夏坡蒂’的各项光合指标急剧降低,光合作用陷入停滞,其他抗旱品种(包括‘京张薯1号’)仍能维持一定的气孔开度和净光合速率,说明‘京张薯1号’体现出了不同于其他品种的抗旱特性。进一步的根系发育特征观测结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下‘京张薯1号’和‘冀张薯12号’根冠比明显提升,且‘京张薯1号’根冠比上升幅度更大;‘京张薯1号’和‘冀张薯12号’单株侧根数、不定根长度和侧根长度均显著高于‘夏坡蒂’,‘京张薯1号’的单株不定根数和侧根数显著高于‘冀张薯12号’。综合各指标可知,不同基因型马铃薯抗旱特征并不完全相同,其中‘京张薯1号’的抗旱能力得益于其发达的根系,而‘京张薯2号’‘京张薯3号’‘冀张薯8号’和‘冀张薯12号’的抗旱能力则更多的来源于其快速的气孔调节能力。The Bashang area of Hebei Province is a high-quality potato producing area in China. However, the drought and excessive exploitation of groundwater resources in this area seriously limit the promotion of local potato production. To clarify the response characteristics of different genotypes of potato to water stress, the drought stress phenotypes of ’Jingzhangshu 1’, ’Jingzhangshu 2’, ’Jingzhangshu 3’, ’Jizhangshu 8’ and ’Jizhangshu 12’ at the budding were evaluated against the sensitive varieties ’Shepody’ under the condition of artificial water control in rainproof shed.The average tuber weight and yield of all varieties decreased under the drought stress condition, and the drought resistance coefficients of ’Jingzhangshu 1’, ’Jingzhangshu 2’ and ’Jizhangshu 12’ were 0.68, 0.68 and 0.67 respectively,so the varieties mentioned above are strong resistant to drought. The drought resistance coefficients of ’Jingzhangshu 3’and ’Jizhangshu 8’ were 0.63 and 0.60, respectively, and the two varieties are resistant to drought. The yield of’Shepody’ was seriously reduced, and the drought resistance coefficient was 0.45, suggesting that it is a drought sensitive variety. It was found that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of’Jingzhangshu 1’ and ’Shepody’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties under drought stress for 15 days.After 30 days of drought stress, all photosynthetic indexes of ’Shepody’ decreased sharply, and photosynthesis stagnated. Other drought resistant varieties(including ’Jingzhangshu 1’) still maintained certain stomatal conductivity and net photosynthetic rate, indicating that ’Jingzhangshu 1’ showed drought resistance characteristics different from other varieties. Further observation of root development characteristics showed that the root shoot ratio of’Jingzhangshu 1’ and ’Jizhangshu 12’ was obviously increased, and the root shoot ratio of ’Jingzhangshu 1’ increased

关 键 词：马铃薯 抗旱性 光合指标 根系发育 气孔调节 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]