基于高产与高效条件下鲜食玉米鲜食大豆带状间作田间配置技术优化  

Optimization of field configuration technology of strip intercropping of fresh corn and fresh soybean based on high yield and high efficiency

作　　者：舒泽兵 罗万宇 蒲甜 陈国鹏[1] 梁冰 杨文钰[1] 王小春[1] SHU Ze-Bing;LUO Wan-Yu;PU Tian;CHEN Guo-Peng;LIANG Bing;YANG Wen-Yu;WANG Xiao-Chun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第4期1140-1150,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005);玉-豆-畜关键技术研究与集成示范项目(2021YFQ0015)资助。

摘　　要：为了明确西南地区鲜食玉米鲜食大豆带状间作的高产与利于机械化实现高效的田间配置技术,以2个株高差异较大的鲜食玉米品种为材料,采用两因素裂区设计,综合分析2种带宽(高产带宽2 m和宜机械化高效带宽2.4 m)与玉米种植密度(37,500、45,000、52,500和60,000株hm^(-2))对鲜食玉米-大豆带状间作系统中群体产量、商品品质及种植效益的影响,明确了高产高效最优田间配置。结果表明,鲜食玉米产量受玉米密度的影响更显著,而鲜食大豆产量主要受带宽的影响。带宽和玉米密度显著影响鲜食玉米商品品质,随着带宽增加,矮秆玉米品种一级果穗率2年平均降低25.78%,秃尖长2年平均增加9.55%,高秆玉米品种则一级果穗率降低11.76%,秃尖长增加17.54%;随着玉米密度增加,2种带宽下矮秆和高秆玉米品种一级果穗率均显著降低,秃尖长均显著增加,2019年2 m带宽下矮秆和高秆玉米种植密度从52,500株hm^(-2)增至60,000株hm^(-2),一级果穗率分别降低46.16%、27.78%,秃尖长分别增加19.44%、14.17%,2.4m带宽下则一级果穗率分别降低25.01%、23.60%,秃尖长分别增加16.46%、11.53%。带宽、密度对鲜食大豆2粒荚率和3粒荚率的影响达显著水平,随着带宽增加,带状间作大豆2粒和3粒荚率均显著增加,与矮秆和高秆玉米品种间作的大豆2粒荚率和3粒荚率2年平均分别增加7.94%和18.88%、8.10%和16.71%;随玉米密度增加,大豆2粒和3粒荚率均显著降低,2019年玉米密度从52,500株hm^(-2)增至60,000株hm^(-2),高秆玉米间作大豆2粒荚率降幅为6.19%~9.09%,3粒荚率降幅为11.94%~14.39%。通过主成分综合评价得分和DTOPSIS法综合评价结果表明,高产和高效带宽下,矮秆和高秆玉米品种带状间作鲜食大豆均以52,500株hm^(-2)和45,000株hm^(-2)玉米密度各性状接近理想值,综合性状表现好,种植效益分别可实现8.44万元hm^(-2)和10.09万元hm^(-2)。To clarify the high yield of strip intercropping of fresh corn and fresh soybean in Southwest China and to realize efficient field configuration technology for mechanization,two fresh corn varieties with large plant height differences were used as the materials,and two factor split zone design was adopted.The effects of two kinds of bandwidth(high-yield bandwidth 2 m and high-efficiency bandwidth suitable for mechanization 2.4 m)and maize planting density(37,500,45,000,52,500,and 60,000plants hm^(-2))on population yield,commodity quality,and planting benefit in the strip intercropping system of fresh corn and soybean were comprehensively analyzed,and the optimal field configuration of high-yield and high-efficiency was determined.The results showed that the yield of fresh corn and fresh soybean were more affected by corn planting density and bandwidth,respectively.With the increase of bandwidth,the first-class ear rate of dwarf maize varieties decreased by 25.78%,the bald tip length increased by 9.55%,and the first-class ear rate of tall maize varieties decreased by 11.76%and the bald tip length increased by 17.54%.With the increase of maize density,the first-class ear rate,bald tip length of dwarf,and tall maize varieties decreased significantly under the two bandwidth,and the planting density of dwarf and tall maize increased from 52,500 plants hm^(-2)to 60,000 plants hm^(-2)in 2019.The first-class ear rate decreased by 46.16%and 27.78%,the bald tip length increased by 19.44%and 14.17%,and the first-class ear rate decreased by 25.01%and 23.60%under the 2.4 m bandwidth,and the bald tip length increased by 16.46%and 11.53%,respectively.The effects of bandwidth and density on the 2-pod rate and 3-pod rate of fresh soybean reached a significant level.With the increase of bandwidth,the 2-pod rate and 3-pod rate of strip intercropping soybean increased significantly.The 2-pod rate and 3-pod rate of soybean intercropped with dwarf and high stalk maize varieties increased by 7.94%and 18.88%,8.10%and 16.71%,respectively

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 鲜食大豆 带状间作 带宽 密度 群体产量 商品品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1