红耳鹎对城市绿地植物果实的取食和传播研究  

Feeding and Dispersal of Pycnonotus jocosuson on Plant Fruits in Urban Green Space

作　　者：汪国海 韦丽娟 牙彩珍 钟应东 唐创斌 WANG Guo-hai;WEI Li-juan;YA Cai-zhen(College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532200;College of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532200)

机构地区：[1]广西民族师范学院化学与生物工程学院,广西崇左532200 [2]广西民族师范学院数理与电子信息工程学院,广西崇左532200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第2期21-23,29,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西民族师范学院科研经费支持项目(2018FG008,2021BS002);珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室研究基金项目(20201125,20180148)。

摘　　要：2020年9月底至2021年1月采用焦点动物扫描法对红耳鹎的取食行为进行观察,详细记录其取食的植物种类、取食频次、取食时间、取食数量和取食方式等信息,探讨红耳鹎在城市绿地中植物果实传播及种群更新中的生态作用。结果表明:红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosuson)共取食秋枫(Bischofia javanica)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、雅榕(Ficus concinna)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)及苦楝(Melia azedarach)5种植物的果实。红耳鹎对不同植物果实的取食频次、平均取食只数、平均取食时间和平均取食量间都存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。红耳鹎对秋枫果实的取食频次和雅榕果实的取食数量最高,对于香樟、雅榕、海桐和秋枫4种植物红耳鹎属于潜在传播者,而对于苦楝则属于种子捕食者。相关分析表明,果实的长度、宽度和重量都与果实平均取食量间均呈负相关。在鸟类取食后停歇的树木下方地面上常散落着较多表面洁净、无果肉包裹的裸露种子,且有部分植物的幼苗成功更新,说明城市绿地中的植物可以借助红耳鹎的取食和传播来实现其种群的更新。The focus scanning method was adopted to observe the bird behavior of visiting of Pycnonotus jocosuson on plant fruits from September 2020 to January 2021.The information of plant species,foraging frequency,foraging time,foraging amount and foraging methods were recorded to explore the ecological role of Pycnonotus jocosuson on seed dispersal and population regeneration in urban green space.The results showed that the Pycnonotus jocosuson fed on the fruits of five plants:Bischofia javanica,Cinnamomum camphora,Ficus concinna,Pittosporum tobira and Melia azedarach.There were significant differences in the foraging frequency,the average number of foraging,average foraging time,and average foraging amount of Pycnonotus jocosuson to different plant fruits(P<0.01).B.javanica had the highest foraging frequency and F.concinna had the highest average foraging amount,and Pycnonotus jocosuson was a potential disperser for B.javanica,C.camphora,F.concinna and P.tobira,while it was a seed predator for M.azedarach.The correlation analysis showed that the length,width and weight of fruit were negatively correlated with average fruit intake.Many seeds with clean surface and no pulp wrapped were found under the trees acting as roosting site of birds,and some seedlings of plants were successfully regeneration,which indicates that plants in urban green space could dependent on red eared bulbul feeding and dispersal to achieve their population regeneration.

关 键 词：城市绿地 红耳鹎 种子传播 果实特征 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]