无核白与红地球葡萄落粒因子的细胞学分析  

Cytological Analysis of Drop Factors in Thompson Seedless and Red Globe Grapes

作　　者：唐仙桃 张付春[2] 钟海霞[2] 张雯[2] 周晓明[2] 王敏 伍新宇[2] 曾斌[1] 潘明启[2] TANG Xiantao;ZHANG Fuchun;ZHONG Haixia;ZHANG Wen;ZHOU Xiaoming;WANG Min;WU Xinyu;ZENG Bin;PAN Mingqi(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第12期2997-3003,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-ZP-08);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2021]TG04号);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201300)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究影响无核白葡萄落粒的相关因子,为无核白葡萄落粒防控提供理论依据。【方法】以易落粒的无核白葡萄与耐落粒的红地球葡萄为研究对象,测量无核白和红地球成熟期的果梗拉力与果梗木质素与纤维素含量;对成熟期无核白与红地球的离区、离层与果刷部位进行染色切片观察;测量离区、离层厚度及细胞截面积、离区及离层细胞纵横径;无核白经2,4-D、PCPA及环剥处理后,测量其脱断率与脱断力。【结果】红地球的果梗拉力为(6.7±3.2)N,无核白的果梗拉力为(2.1±0.5)N,红地球的果梗木质素和纤维素含量为247.5与142.3 mg/g,分别比无核白高13.03%与37.58%;无核白与红地球离区厚度分别为119.84与180.7μm,离层厚度分别为150.58与150.84μm,总厚度分别为108.78与198.48μm,红地球的总厚度较无核白大82.46%,两者差异显著;红地球果刷宽大,无核白果刷细小,果梗维管束都直接通过离区,呈放射状分布,而红地球维管束细胞较无核白多而密;无核白的断脱比分别为0.5、1.13、1.33,远大于CK,果梗拉力也大大增加,其中,环剥处理效果最为明显,断落力与脱落力分别为2.57与3.34N。【结论】在红地球与无核白的综合比较分析中发现,果梗拉力大的葡萄具有果梗维管束发达,维管束与果肉连接紧密,离区范围小,果梗木质素与纤维素含量多的特点。【Objective】In order to explore the related factors affecting Thompson Seedless grape seed-setting and provide theoretical basis for the control of the grape seed-setting in Xinjiang.【Methods】The stem tension and the stem Lignin and cellulose contents of easy-dropping Thompson Seedless grape and resistant-dropping Red Globe grape were measured and the separation zone,the separation layer and the fruit brush of the mature Thompson Seedless and Red Globe were observed by staining section,and after that,the separation zone,the thickness of the separation layer and the cell cross section,the separation zone and the cell longitudinal and transverse diameter were measured;After 2,4-D,PCPA and girdling treatment,the breaking rate and breaking force were measured.【Results】The pulling force of the fruit stem of Red Globe is(6.7±3.2)N,the pulling force of the fruit stem of Thompson Seedless is(2.1±0.5)N,the lignin and cellulose content of the fruit stem of Red Globe is 247.5 and 142.3mg/g,which are 13.03%and 37.58%higher than that of Thompson Seedless,respectively;The out-of-area thickness of Thompson Seedless and Red Globe is 119.84μm and 180.7μm respectively.The separation thickness is 150.58and 150.84μm respectively.The total thickness is 108.78μm and 198.48μm respectively.The total thickness of Red Globe is 82.46%larger than that of Thompson Seedless,and the difference is significant;The Red Globe fruit brush is wider,and the Thompson Seedless fruit brush is smaller.The vascular bundle of the fruit stalk directly passes through the exclusion zone and is radially distributed,while the Red Globe vascular bundle cells are more and more dense than the Thompson Seedless ones;The breaking ratio of Thompson Seedless was 0.5,1.13 and 1.33 respectively,which was much greater than CK,and the pulling force of fruit stem was also greatly increased,among which,girdling treatment was the most obvious,with the breaking force and peeling force being 2.57 and 3.34N respectively.【Conclusion】The comprehensive compar

关 键 词：无核白 红地球 落粒 果梗拉力 细胞结构 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]