长期酒精摄入对小脑神经环路及行为的影响研究进展  

Research progress of chronic ethanol consumption on neural circuits of cerebellum and behaviors

作　　者：金光林 林成权 金彦吉 崔松彪 董光辉 Jin Guanglin;Lin Chengquan;Jin Yanji;Cui Songbiao;Dong Guanghui(Department of Neurology,Affiliated Hospital Yanbian University,Yanji 133000,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学附属医院神经内科,延吉133000

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2022年第12期1143-1148,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81860219)。

摘　　要：酒精是一种世界范围内最广泛使用且滥用的精神活性物质,长期过量摄入酒精可损害中枢神经系统,导致其功能受损。小脑作为中枢神经系统的重要组成部分,也是酒精损伤的主要靶器官之一。小脑皮层神经环路主要体现为外部信息通过苔藓纤维、爬行纤维传入,最终通过浦肯野细胞整合各种信息并输出指令,进而完成各种生理功能。急、慢性酒精摄入会损伤人体运动协调、运动学习以及部分认知功能,其损伤机制被普遍认为是由酒精摄入导致的小脑皮层神经环路功能异常所引起的。文章结合近年来对长期酒精摄入小鼠模型的研究,对长期酒精摄入影响小脑神经网络机制的各个方面进行综述,以期为行为运动、运动协调、认知功能、抑郁等方面研究和治疗提供新思路。随着精准医学的兴起,人们对探索长期酒精摄入对小脑神经网络结构和功能的影响机制愈发感兴趣,如何根据现有研究成果应用于临床,是未来要研究的重要命题。Ethanol is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive substances in the world.Long-term and excessive intake of alcohol can damage the central nervous system and lead to impairment of its function.As an important component of the central nervous system,cerebellum is one of the main target organs damaged by ethanol.Acute and chronic ethanol intake can damage human motor coordination,motor learning and some cognitive functions.Its damage mechanism is generally believed to be caused by the abnormal function of cerebellar cortical neural circuit caused by ethanol intake.Combined with recent studies on the mouse model of long-term ethanol intake,this article reviews the cerebellar neural network mechanism of long-term ethanol intake from various aspects,with a view to providing research and development in behavioral movement,motor coordination,cognitive function,depression,and offers new ideas with the rise of precision medicine for treatment.People are increasingly interested in exploring the mechanism of long-term ethanol intake on the cerebellar neural network.How to improve or block the corresponding mechanism based on the mechanism of action found in existing research is an important proposition in future research.

关 键 词：酒精 小脑皮层 神经环路 行为功能 突触传递 突触可塑性 

分 类 号：R749.62[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]