基于递阶优化的城市区域路网交通控制  

Urban road network traffic control based on hierarchical optimization

作　　者：吉柯 唐进君 曾捷 刘鑫源 JI Ke;TANG Jinjun;ZENG Jie;LIU Xinyuan(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第1期63-73,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52172310);教育部人文社会科学青年基金资助项目(21YJCZH147);中南大学创新驱动项目(2020CX041)。

摘　　要：城市道路拥堵问题随着城市机动化的快速发展日益凸显,采用合理的控制手段提高区域路网效率成为急需解决的问题。以长沙市部分路网作为研究对象,选取连续5个工作日的早高峰流量数据进行研究。在VISSIM仿真软件中根据抽象路网搭建仿真路网,将仿真路网中的交通数据与实际道路车牌识别数据相匹配,以交叉口通过车辆数为评价标准计算仿真路网与实际道路的误差率,保证仿真路网真实性。采用反压力值作为道路反馈指标,计算路网中的压力分布情况。基于周期稳定性,将研究范围内的交叉口划分为2类,以大小周期的方式进行信号配时优化,考虑交通高峰期道路饱和度偏高的情况,将传统韦伯斯特算法进行改进后作为控制方法。采用递阶优化的思想进行控制策略计算。对控制策略进行仿真验证,在结果中从路网和车辆2个方面选取在网车辆数、到达车辆数、车均延误和车辆速度四4个指标对优化前后的路网状况进行评价。优化后的路网较原始路网在到达车辆数和车辆速度方面有所提升,在网车辆数和车均延误有所下降。同时,针对不同饱和度的交叉口,控制策略在4个评价指标方面也有相同的优化趋势。研究结果表明,基于递阶优化的路网交通控制能够提高路网的通行效率,改善路网运行环境。With the rapid development in urban motorization, urban road congestion has become a serious problem. Establishing an effective traffic control method to improve the efficiency of road network is an effective method to solve this problem. The road network in Changsha city and the data of rush hour in the morning of 5consecutive working days were used as the research object in the experiment. Firstly, the simulated network was built according to the abstract network and matched with the actual vehicle license recognition data in VISSIM.In order to ensure the authenticity of the simulated network, the difference between the simulated network and the actual road was calculated by the number of vehicles at the intersection. Secondly, the pressure of road network was calculated by the value of backpressure. And the intersections with different saturation levels were optimized with different cycle times. At the same time, Webster algorithm was improved to adapt to the situation of high saturation in peak time. Then, based on hierarchical optimization, the control strategy was conducted by combing the backpressure control and improved Webster algorithm. Finally, the control strategy was verified in the simulation. From two aspects of the road network and vehicles, four indexes including the number of vehicles running on the network, the number of vehicles arriving at the boundary, vehicle delay and vehicles speed are selected to evaluate the optimization situation. Compared with the case without optimization, the number of vehicles arriving at the boundary and vehicle speed both increases. The number of vehicles running on the road network and vehicle delays decrease. At the same time, for intersections with different saturation, the control strategy has the same optimization trend in four evaluation indexes. The result indicates that the road network traffic control based on hierarchical optimization can improve the traffic efficiency.

关 键 词：交通控制 递阶优化 交通仿真 城市路网 车牌识别数据 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]