不同施肥模式对茶树新梢氟含量及其品质成分的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Fluorine Content and Quality of Tea Shoots

作　　者：葛悦 袁彦文 林青青 钟孟宇 倪德江[1] 王璞 郭飞 GE Yue;YUAN Yanwen;LIN Qingqing;ZHONG Mengyu;NI Dejiang;WANG Pu;GUO Fei(College of Horticulture&Forestry Science of Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国茶叶》2023年第2期23-29,共7页China Tea

基　　金：“十三五”重点研发课题(2019YFD1001601)。

摘　　要：为明确不同施肥模式对茶叶氟含量和品质的影响,探究适合茶园降氟和改善茶叶品质的方法,以福鼎大白茶为试验材料,通过田间施肥、施用土壤调理剂、喷施微生物菌剂的不同组合试验,考察不同施肥处理土壤理化性质,以及7月、8月茶树一芽三叶和一芽五叶的氟含量,并对其品质成分进行对比。结果表明,4种施肥模式以降低土壤水溶态氟含量及提高茶树新梢持嫩度的方式有效降低茶树新梢氟含量,但降氟的程度不同;其中T4处理(每667 m^(2)施茶树专用肥160 kg+土壤调理剂60 kg+3次叶面喷施微生物菌剂)对茶树新梢降氟效果最好,7月、8月一芽五叶的氟含量相对于CK分别降低了85.76 mg/kg、173.66 mg/kg;此外,T4处理整体上(除8月31日一芽五叶)可以促进水浸出物、茶多酚等茶叶品质成分的积累。综合考虑茶树新梢的氟含量以及茶叶品质,T4处理表现最优。To clarify the effects of different fertilization modes on fluorine content and quality of tea, the methods suitable for reducing fluorine and improving tea quality were explored. Fuding Dabai tea was used as the experimental material.Through different combination experiments of field fertilization, soil conditioner and microbial inoculum spraying, the physical and chemical properties of soil under different fertilization modes, as well as the fluorine contents of one bud with three leaves and one bud with five leaves of tea plants in July and August were investigated, and their quality components were compared. The results show that: the four fertilization modes could effectively reduce the fluoride content in tea shoots by increasing soil pH, reducing the water-soluble fluoride content of soil and improving the tenderness of tea shoots, with difference in the degree of fluorine reduction. Among them, T4 treatment(160 kg of special fertilizer for tea tree per 667 m^(2)+ 60 kg of soil conditioner + 3 times of foliar spraying of microbial inoculum) had the best effect on reducing fluorine content in tea shoots. The fluorine content of one bud with five leaves under that treatment decreased by 85.76 mg/kg and 173.66 mg/kg compared with CK in July and August, respectively. In addition, T4treatment could promote the accumulation of water extract, tea polyphenols and other tea quality components as a whole.Considering the fluorine content of tea shoots and tea quality, T4 treatment was the best.

关 键 词：茶树新梢 施肥 土壤PH 微生物菌剂 氟 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]