本质主义思维模式中的论说矛盾——王夫之诗歌批评学理疏失探析  

Argumentative Contradictions in the Essentialist Thinking Models——Theoretical Omissions of Wang Fuzhi’s Poetic Criticism

作　　者：徐楠[1] Xu Nan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期42-53,219,共13页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国人民大学明德青年学者项目“中国古代文论基本观念研究”(13XNJ038)。

摘　　要：王夫之诗歌批评中,存在面貌各异的本质主义思维模式,也因之形成三种论说矛盾:重道轻艺、反对定法,但难以合理解释普遍具有法之要素的诗歌文本;维护典范风格批评标准,但因此无法合理分疏真与伪、因袭与创造之别,亦消解涉及情真、创作个性诸说的理论意义;以文本外标准介入诗歌文本艺术价值评判,令评判标准产生混乱。它们典型地呈现出王夫之诗歌批评的学理疏失。文学批评应尽可能自觉地坚持带有范导性品格的多元主义原则,反省本质主义思维模式的限度,在自觉的对话、省思中最大程度地自我解蔽。当下的中国古代诗学研究,则应一方面尽可能充分地理解、尊重研究对象,一方面对其做出深入的批判性考察;既立足于对文献实存特征的尊重,又对研究者自身“前理解”之限度保持警觉。In Wang Fuzhi’s poetic criticism, there are different essentialist thinking modes, which form three kinds of argumentative contradictions: emphasizing Tao over skills, opposing the fixed law, but it is difficult to reasonably explain the poetic texts that generally have legal elements;maintaining the standard of paradigmatic style criticism, but it is impossible to reasonably distinguish between the true and the false,the inheritance and the creation, and the theoretical significance of the theories involving the true and the creative personality is also eliminated;the use of extra-textual standards to intervene in the evaluation of the artistic value of poetic texts has caused confusion in the evaluation standards. They typically show the theoretical omissions of Wang Fuzhi’s poetic criticism. Literary criticism should consciously adhere to the principle of pluralism with a guiding character as much as possible, reflect on the limits of the essentialist thinking mode, maximize self-disclosure and approach rationality in conscious dialogue and reflection. The current research on ancient Chinese poetics should, on the one hand, fully understand and respect the research object as much as possible, and on the other hand make an in-depth and critical investigation of it.That is, on the one hand, it should be based on the respect for the existing characteristics of the literature,and on the other hand, it should be based on the respect for the researcher himself. Be alert to the limits of “pre-understanding”.

关 键 词：王夫之诗学 重道轻艺 本质主义 多元主义 中国古代诗学 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]