教授低龄化是国家学术依附性之表现——近代中国“少壮派教授”现象发覆  

Over-rejuvenation of Professor Cliques and Inadequate of National Academic Autonomy——On the “Baby Professors” Phenomenon in Modern China

作　　者：刘超[1] Liu Chao

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期100-119,221,共21页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：全国教育科学规划项目“建国初党中央创建社会主义高等教育体系的战略智慧研究”(BOA180049);国家社会科学基金项目“阶级视野下的‘调干生’研究(1949—1965)”(18CZS039)。

摘　　要：“少壮派教授”大量存在是近代中国独有的现象。学界对此素少研究,极个别相关研究也认知不足,几乎清一色地赞其为人才队伍“年轻化”的积极成果。实则不然。从清末开始,新式高校勃兴,高端新式学人供不应求,教授缺额严重依赖于留学归国人员,使后者在缺乏必要考核的情况下迅速跻身教授,许多本土学者却备受压迫。这无疑使中国的教师评聘被外国学位所绑架。它不仅造成教授队伍良莠不齐,也严重扭曲了学术制度,恶化了学术生态和社会风气,从深层次上威胁着中国的学术自主和教育独立。这是当时基础薄弱、人才匮乏条件下不得已的无奈之举。有关部门、学术共同体及有识有力之士为此进行了艰苦努力。从1927年开始,在严格主义的导向下,师资评聘渐趋合理。及至1930年代后期,这一努力取得实质性成效,师资质量和学术水准大幅提升。但因时代所限,国家学术独立的梦想终归落空。The large number of “young professors” is a unique phenomenon in modern China. There is a little research in academia, and most related studies are also under-recognized, and they almost all praise it as a positive result of the “rejuvenation” of the talent. This is not the case. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,new universities flourished, and high-leveled new scholars were in short supply. The shortage of professors was heavily dependent on returned overseas students. The latter quickly ranked among professors without necessary assessments. Many local scholars were oppressed, which undoubtedly made China ’s teacher evaluation kidnapped by foreign degrees. It not only caused the unevenness of the faculty, but also severely distorted the academic system, worsened the academic ecology and social atmosphere, and even threatened China’s academic autonomy and educational independence fundamentally. This was a last resort to the conditions of a weak foundation and a shortage of talents. Relevant departments, academic communities and people of insight made arduous efforts to this end. Beginning in 1927, under the guidance of rigorism, the evaluation of teachers gradually became more reasonable. In the late 1930s, this effort achieved substantial results, the quality of teachers and academic standards were greatly improved. However, due to the vicissitudes of the times, the dream of national academic independence has finally aborted.

关 键 词：少壮派教授 学术评价 学术制度 人才供给 文化主权 

分 类 号：G645.1[文化科学—高等教育学] K25[文化科学—教育学]