电子游戏、地缘政治与美国的世界秩序图景——基于美国“军事娱乐复合体”的实证分析  

Video Games,Geopolitics,and the US Vision of World Order——An Empirical Analysis of the US Military Entertainment Complex

作　　者：葛静深 GE Jingshen

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与新闻传播学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2023年第1期78-108,I0003,I0004,共33页Foreign Affairs Review

摘　　要：电子游戏是一种新兴的大众文化产品,具有独特的参与性、互动性等媒介特征以及显著的意识形态属性。不同国家的电子游戏折射出不同的战略文化和外交传统。流行于美国的第一人称射击(FPS)游戏,具有鲜明的意识形态性和复杂的政治经济背景,体现了美国黩武主义的外交传统和冲突型的战略文化,是当前美国“军事娱乐复合体”生产的最重要的大众文化产品,在美国国内及世界范围内都产生了巨大的影响。近20年来,美国主流FPS游戏持续输出同质化的意识形态与战略文化,将虚拟的世界秩序建立在“好”与“坏”、“强”与“弱”、“文明”与“野蛮”、“社会内部”与“社会外部”之间的对立之上。美国FPS游戏塑造了地缘政治“邪恶他者”与“仁慈帝国”之间相互对立、处于永恒战斗状态的世界观,建构了一个以美国为中心、基于“道德等级”的世界秩序。美国FPS游戏宣扬美国霸权,以技术例外主义的物质性权力塑造不受约束的政治例外主义,并通过精心设计的游戏叙事、机制,建构美国霸权的合法性权力。以FPS游戏为代表的美国新兴大众文化产业对内影响美国公众的认知、对外传播美式价值观,已经成为现阶段美国最重要的一种软实力工具。Video game is an emerging popular cultural product with unique“participative”and“interactive”media characteristics and significant ideological attributes.The video games of different countries can reflect different strategic cultures and diplomatic traditions.The first-person shooter(FPS)games popular in the US have distinct ideological and complex political and economic backgrounds,reflecting the militaristic diplomatic tradition and “conflictoriented”strategic culture of the US.It is now the most important popular cultural product category produced by the “Military Entertainment Complex” in the US,maintaining a huge impact both in the US and around the world.In the past 20 years,American mainstream FPS games have continued to export homogenized ideology and strategic culture,establishing the virtual world order based on four sets of oppositions: “good vs.bad”, “strong vs.weak”,“civilization vs.barbarism”,and “society inside vs.society outside”.American FPS games shape a world order in which the evil geopolitical other and the benevolent empire are opposed to each other and in a state of eternal battle,a world order based on “moral hierarchy” with the US at the center.American FPS games promote American hegemony,shaping unfettered “political exceptionalism”with the material power of “technical exceptionalism”,and constructing the legitimate power of American hegemony through elaborate game narratives and mechanisms.The emerging popular culture industry represented by FPS games has become one of the most important soft power tools of the US at this stage,influencing the public perception of the US internally and spreading American values externally.

关 键 词：电子游戏 军事娱乐复合体 地缘政治 世界秩序 第一人称射击游戏 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] G899[政治法律—外交学]