基于双作物系数法估算晋南地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统蒸散量  

Estimation of Evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System in Southern Shanxi Based on Dual-crop Coefficient Approach

作　　者：赵锦江 马娟娟[1] 郑利剑 孙西欢[1] 武朝宝 ZHAO Jin-jiang;MA Juan-juan;ZHENG Li-jian;SUN Xi-huan;WU Chao-bao(College of Water Resource Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shanxi Provincial Central Irrigation Experiment station,Lüliang 032107,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]山西省中心灌溉试验站,山西吕梁032107

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第2期28-37,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山西省水利厅水利科学技术研究与推广项目“根区灌溉条件下冬小麦灌溉制度研究”(2022GM011)。

摘　　要：冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统是晋南地区常用的种植模式,为评估双作物系数法在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统应用的可靠性,掌握轮作系统耗水规律,通过双作物系数法模拟2016-2019年间冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统蒸散量,以水量平衡计算结果为标准对其模拟结果进行评价,并区分植株蒸腾(T)和土壤蒸发(E)。该结果表明:在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中,冬小麦初期、发育期、中期和后期的平均基础作物系数(Kcb)为0.2、0.59、0.98和0.15,夏玉米的为0.14、0.69、1.24和0.56;冬小麦的平均土壤蒸发系数(Ke)为1.24、0.63、0.07、0.42,夏玉米的为0.78、0.45、0.06、0.46。冬小麦全生育期内ETc为264.18~526.22 mm,夏玉米的为261.76~519.67 mm;发育期为耗水高峰期,冬小麦、夏玉米发育期蒸散量占各自生育期总蒸散量的比例分别为31.2%~51.3%和34.3%~58.2%;随着灌水次数的减少,冬小麦、夏玉米总蒸散量及植株蒸腾量均逐渐降低,土壤蒸发量也在灌水最少时达到最低,全生育期E/ETc,冬小麦为27.3%~46.4%,夏玉米为29.3%~44.2%。在冬小麦和夏玉米生长初期,80%以上的土壤水分以蒸发形式消耗,在中期时土壤蒸发占比最低,冬小麦为6.1%~13.4%、夏玉米为4%~7.6%。冬小麦、夏玉米各自蒸散模拟值(ETc-FAO)与实测值(ETc)呈现出较好相关性,R2为0.8~0.86,RMSE为0.5~0.6 mm/d,MAE为0.4~0.49mm/d,可见双作物系数法模拟晋南地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统ETc具有较高精度,可为精确掌握冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统耗水规律,进而制定合理的灌溉计划提供理论依据。Winter wheat-summer maize rotation system is commonly used in southern Shanxi.In order to evaluate the reliability of dual-crop coefficient approach in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system,and to master the water consumption law of rotation system,in this paper,the evapotranspiration of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system from 2016 to 2019 was simulated by the dual-crop coefficient approach.The simulated results were evaluated based on the calculation results of water balance method,and plant transpiration(T)and soil evaporation(E)were distinguished.The results showed that in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system,the average basic crop coefficient(Kcb)of winter wheat was 0.2,0.59,0.98 and 0.15 for the early,developing,middle and late stages,respectively,and that of summer maize was 0.14,0.69,1.24 and 0.56;The average soil evaporation coefficient(Ke)of winter wheat was 1.24,0.63,0.07 and 0.42,and that of summer maize was 0.78,0.45,0.06,0.46,respectively.During the whole growth period,ETcof winter wheat was 264.18~526.22 mm,and that of summer maize was 261.76~519.67 mm;The development period was the peak of water consumption,and the proportion of evapotranspiration in the development period of winter wheat and summer maize was 31.2%~51.3% and 34.3%~58.2%,respectively;With the decrease of irrigation times,the plant evapotranspiration and plant transpiration of winter and summer maize decreased gradually,and soil evaporation reached the lowest when irrigation was the least,the E/ETcof the whole growth period was 27.3%~46.4% for winter wheat and 29.3%~44.2% for summer maize.At the early stage of winter wheat and summer maize growth,more than 80% of soil water was consumed by evaporation,and the proportion of soil evaporation was the lowest in the middle stage,which was 6.1%~13.4% for winter wheat and 4%~7.6% for summer maize.The simulated evapotranspiration(ETc-FAO)values of wheat and summer maize showed a good correlation with the measured values(ETc),R2was 0.8~0.86,RMSE was 0.5~0.6 mm/d,MAE wa

关 键 词：冬小麦-夏玉米 轮作系统 双作物系数法 蒸散量模拟 植株蒸腾 土壤蒸发 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]