中老年女性不同半蹲模式振动抗阻训练下肢肌肉及躯干肌肉的激活特征比较  

A Comparative Study of the Activation Characteristics of Lower Limb and Trunk Muscles in Middle-aged and Elderly Women with Different Semi-squat Patterns of Vibration Resistance Training

作　　者：刘彧秀 陈晓红[1] LIU Yuxiu;CHEN Xiaohong(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China.)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2023年第1期68-76,共9页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“主动健康和老龄化科技应对”专项(2018YFC2000600)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同半蹲模式(姿势和频率)振动抗阻训练对中老年女性下肢肌肉及躯干肌肉的激活效果,旨在优化振动抗阻训练方案,为中老年女性制定日常振动抗阻训练方案提供更加科学的理论依据。方法:招募15名符合条件的健康中老年女性为受试者,使用便携式无线表面肌电系统测试受试者在9种半蹲模式振动抗阻训练中优势侧下肢肌肉及躯干肌肉的均方根振幅值(EMGrms)[3种不同姿势(静态半蹲、弹力带静态半蹲、半蹲起)×3种不同振动频率(0 Hz、30 Hz、40 Hz)],运用双因素重复测量方差分析比较不同半蹲模式振动抗阻训练肌肉EMGrms的差异。结果:(1)姿势对股直肌、竖脊肌和臀大肌EMGrms的主效应显著(p<0.05),对股内侧肌、股外侧肌和背阔肌EMGrms的主效应不显著(p>0.05)。其中,半蹲起振动抗阻训练股直肌的EMGrms明显高于静态半蹲和弹力带静态半蹲(p<0.05);静态半蹲和弹力带静态半蹲时竖脊肌的EMGrms显著高于半蹲起(p<0.05);弹力带静态半蹲和半蹲起臀大肌EMGrms显著高于静态半蹲(p<0.05)。(2)振动频率对股二头肌和腓肠肌的主效应显著(p<0.05),对其他测试肌肉EMGrms的主效应均不显著(p>0.05)。其中:30 Hz和40 Hz振动抗阻训练股二头肌EMGrms明显高于0 Hz(p<0.05);40 Hz振动抗阻训练腓肠肌EMGrms显著高于0 Hz(p<0.05)。(3)姿势与频率对中老年女性下肢肌肉及躯干肌肉EMGrms的交互效应均不显著(p>0.05)。结论:振动抗阻训练姿势和频率对中老年女性下肢肌肉及躯干肌肉的激活效果具有部位特异性,半蹲起动作可以显著增强股直肌和臀大肌的激活程度,而静态半蹲和弹力带静态半蹲可以显著提高竖脊肌的激活程度;与单纯抗阻训练(0 Hz)相比,30 Hz与40 Hz振动抗阻训练可以显著改善中老年女性下肢主要肌群的肌肉激活效果,而对躯干肌肉的激活效果无显著差异。Objective:The investigation of the activation effects of vibration resistance training on the lower limb and trunk muscles of middle-aged and elderly women with different semi-squat patterns(body positions and frequencies)will help to optimize the vibration resistance training program and provide a more scientific theoretical basis for the selection of daily vibration resistance training programs.Method:Fifteen eligible healthy middle-aged and elderly female subjects were recruited.A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to test whether there were differences in the root mean square amplitude values(EMGrms)of the lower limb and trunk muscles on the dominant side of the subject during vibration resistance training with 4 mm amplitude and 3 different boby position(static semi-squat,static semi-squat with elastic band loading,and dynamic semi-squat)×3 different vibration frequencies(0 Hz,30 Hz,40 Hz)for a total of 9 semi-squat patterns.Results:(1)The main effect of vibration boby position on EMGrms of the rectus femoris,erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscles was significant(p<0.05).There was no significant main effect of vibration body position on the EMGrms of the vastus medialis,vastus lateralis and latissimus dorsi muscles(p>0.05).The EMGrms for training the rectus femoris muscle with vibration resistance in the dynamic semi-squat were significantly higher than those for the static semi-squat and static semi-squat with elastic band loading(p<0.05);static semi-squat and static semi-squat with elastic band loading vibration resistance trained the EMGrms of the erector spinae significantly higher than the dynamic semi-squat(p<0.05);the EMGrms of the gluteus maximus were significantly higher for the static semi-squat with elastic band loading and the dynamic semi-squat than the static semi-squat(p<0.05).(2)The main effect of vibration frequency was significant for the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius(p<0.05)and insignificant for all other tested muscles EMGrms(p>0.05).The EMGrms of biceps femoris for 30Hz

关 键 词：全身振动训练 抗阻训练 中老年女性 表面肌电 肌肉激活特征 

分 类 号：G804-55[文化科学—运动人体科学]