飞轮离心超负荷训练与传统力量训练对运动员的运动表现影响比较的Meta分析  

Meta Analysis of Comparison between Flywheel Eccentric Overload Training and Traditional Strength Training on Athletes’Performance Effect

作　　者：李文华[1] 李春雷 吴晓妹 丁乾 LI Wenhua;LI Chunlei;WU Xiaomei;DING Qian(Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110102,China;Institute of Physical Training,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China.)

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [2]北京体育大学体能训练学院,北京100084

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2023年第1期86-99,共14页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY104);2019年河北省技术创新引导计划科技冬奥专项(19975705D)。

摘　　要：目的:运用Meta分析的方法比较飞轮离心超负荷训练(FEOT)与传统力量训练(TST)对运动员纵跳能力、短距离直线冲刺能力和变向能力的干预有效性。方法:检索CNKI、Wanfang Data、Web of Science、PubMed、Elsevier、EBSCO-MEDLINE等数据库中关于FEOT干预运动表现的随机对照试验文献,采用软件“Review Manager 5.4”对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价、异质性分析及亚组分析,采用软件“Stata/SE 15.1”对纳入文献进行发表性偏倚分析及敏感性分析。结果:Meta分析结果显示,FEOT比TST更能有效地提高纵跳高度(MD=0.31,95%CI[0.11,0.51],p=0.001),缩短变向测试用时(SMD=-0.71,95%CI[-1.01,-0.42],p<0.01);FEOT可以缩短短距离直线冲刺用时,但无统计学意义(SMD=-0.04,95%CI[-0.34,0.27],p=0.081)。结论:飞轮离心超负荷训练比传统力量训练更能有效地提高受试者纵跳能力和变向能力、提高成年运动员短距离直线冲刺能力,而对青少年运动员短距离直线冲刺能力提升效果不明显;飞轮离心超负荷训练与传统力量训练在中等惯量和大惯量、与特定运动表现的力的矢量方向相近或相同的训练具有良好的干预效果。Objective:To compare the effectiveness of flywheel eccentric overload training(FEOT)and traditional strength training(TST)on athletes’vertical jump,short straight sprint and directional change ability by using the method of meta-analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials of FEOT on exercise performance intervention in CNKI,Wanfang Data,Web of Science,PubMed,Elsevier,EBSCO-MEDLINE and other databases were retrieved.The methodological quality evaluation,heterogeneity analysis and subgroup analysis of the included literatures were performed using“Review Manager 5.4”software,and the publication bias analysis and sensitivity analysis of the included literatures were performed using“Stata/SE 15.1”software.Results:Meta analysis showed that FEOT was more effective than TST in increasing the vertical jump height(MD=0.31,95%CI[0.11,0.51],p=0.001),and reducing the time for directional change test(SMD=-0.71,95%CI[-0.01,-0.42],p<0.01);FEOT could reduce the time for short straight sprint,but it had no statistical significance(SMD=-0.04,95%CI[-0.34,0.27],p=0.081).Conclusion:Compared with traditional strength training,flywheel eccentric overload training can effectively improve the vertical jump and directional change ability of subjects,and enhance the short distance straight sprint ability of adult athletes,but it has no obvious effect on the short distance straight sprint ability of young athletes;flywheel eccentric overload training and traditional strength training have good intervention effect in the training design with medium and high inertia load,similar or the same direction as the force vector of specific sports performance.

关 键 词：飞轮 离心超负荷训练 传统力量训练 纵跳 冲刺 变向 元分析 

分 类 号：G80-059[文化科学—运动人体科学]