2019—2021年中小学生眼健康筛查数据分析报告  

Analysis of eye screening data in primary and middle school students from 2019 to 2021

作　　者：胡钦瑞 王依 王海燕 陶新戈 海华侨 李扬 李奇渊[3] 黎晓新 Hu Qinrui;Wang Yi;Wang Haiyan;Tao Xinge;Hai Huaqiao;Li Yang;Li Qiyuan;Li Xiaoxin(Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface and Corneal Diseases,Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361000,China;Department of Pediatrics,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361003,China;National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine,School of Medicine,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361002,China;Department of Endocrinology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361003,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Peking University People’s Hospital,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学附属厦门眼科中心福建省眼表与角膜病重点实验室,厦门361000 [2]厦门大学附属第一医院儿科,厦门361003 [3]厦门大学健康医疗大数据国家研究院,厦门361002 [4]厦门大学附属第一医院内分泌科,厦门361003 [5]北京大学人民医院眼科,北京100044

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2023年第1期69-77,共9页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81870672)。

摘　　要：目的分析华厦眼科医院收集的全国不同区域中小学生视力健康校筛数据,明确青少年人群筛查性近视患病率及发病率,总结不同区域内中小学人群视力发展趋势。方法采用横断面研究设计,对华厦眼科医院2019—2021年全国各地区中小学生视力健康校筛数据进行横断面及队列研究分析。以单眼裸眼视力<5.0且等效球镜度数<-0.50 D定义为筛查性近视。根据筛查总人次和人数概况、裸眼视力的分布情况、屈光度和近视患病率分布情况这3个维度,以性别、年级和地区层次,对中小学生视力、屈光度数据进行分析,计算筛查性近视患病率和发病率。采用标准对数视力表进行裸眼视力检查,自动电脑验光仪进行屈光检查,筛查流程一致。结果总计19个省51个城市,4027所学校,455.6万人纳入视力研究。中小学人群整体筛查性近视患病率为64.85%,其中小学阶段人群筛查性近视患病率为54.00%,初中78.18%,高中87.05%,不同年级筛查性近视患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=100.7,P<0.001)。不同性别人群筛查性近视患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5557.5,P<0.001)。中小学人群1年内筛查性近视发病率为18.68%。华东、华中和华北、西南和西北、华南1年内中小学人群筛查性近视发病率分别为16.57%、6.07%、15.11%、9.19%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1200.9,P<0.001)。结论中小学生筛查性近视患病率和发病率较高,存在群体教育阶段差异及地区等差异,青少年近视科学防控要兼顾群体教育阶段及区域因素影响。Objective To analyze the data of vision acuity from primary and secondary school students in different regions in China in a screening program performed by Huaxia Eye Hospital,and to investigate the prevalence and incidence of myopia among them.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.Cross-sectional and cohort analysis of the visual acuity and refraction data of primary and secondary school students in China from 2019 to 2021 from Huaxia Eye Hospital was carried out.Myopia was defined as one eye with the uncorrected visual acuity less than 5.0 and a spherical equivalent<-0.50 D in the screening.The frequency of screening,the number of people,the distribution of vision acuity,and the distribution of myopia among subjects were compared by sexes,grades and regions,and the prevalence and incidence of myopia was analyzed.Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for visual examination and automatic computerized optometry was used for refractive examination.Screening process was consistent in the study.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University(No.XMYKZX-KY-2019-011).The written informed consent was obtained from subjects or their guardians after explaining the examination procedure,methods and purpose prior to any medical examination.Results A total of 4027 schools in 51 cities of 19 provinces covering 4.556 million people were included in the vision study.The prevalence of myopia in screening was 64.85%in primary and secondary school population generally,54.0%in primary school,78.18%in junior high school and 87.05%in senior high school.There were statistical differences in the prevalence of screening myopia in different education stages(χ^(2)=100.7,P<0.001).The prevalence rate in females was higher than that in males(χ^(2)=5557.5,P<0.001).The incidence of myopia within a year was 18.68%in primary and secondary schools,which was 16.57%in East China,6.07%in Central China and North China,15.11%in Southwest and Northwest China,9.19%in South China,and

关 键 词：中小学 视力 近视 患病率 发病率 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]