跆拳道运动员前横踢动作优势侧和非优势侧的生物力学偏侧性研究  

Biomechanics Research on Laterality Effect between Dominant and Non-dominant During Front Cross Kick in Taekwondo

作　　者：刘林[1] 马勇[1] 蔺世杰 彭骞 邓凌凌[3] 熊俊[4] 郑伟涛[1] 贾孟尧 LIU Lin;MA Yong;LIN Shijie(Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Tech.of Hubei Province,Key Lab of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sport of China,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;Dept.of P.E.,Northwest Polytech.Univ.,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院湖北省运动装备工程技术研究中心,国家体育总局体育工程重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]西北工业大学体育部,智能体育工程研究中心,陕西西安710072 [3]武汉商贸职业学院,湖北武汉430205 [4]武汉体育学院竞技体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2023年第1期73-81,共9页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学研究计划重点项目(D20194101);武汉体育学院校级科研团队(21KT02);武汉体育学院“十四五”湖北省优势特色学科(群)(鄂教研[2021]5号)。

摘　　要：目的:探索跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下肢优势侧和非优势侧的运动生物力学特征差异性。方法:采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和Deado电子护具计分系统,采集13名跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下有效得分时髋、膝、踝关节的运动学和动力学数据,使用Visual3D软件对采集数据进行逆向运动学和动力学计算,并对结果采用配对样本T检验的方法进行差异性分析。结果:(1)进攻腿:髋关节屈曲力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),膝关节屈曲最大角度优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展力矩峰值、外展最大角度非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(2)支撑腿:髋关节屈曲幅度、屈曲功率峰值、外展功率峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展角速度峰值、踝关节跖屈力矩峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展角速度峰值、膝关节屈曲力矩峰值、踝关节旋外角速度峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(3)进攻腿击打力度值及进攻腿和支撑腿垂直地反力峰值两侧比较差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)、进攻腿击打速度优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01)。结论:在选取的评价指标中差异性p<0.05占13.5%、p<0.01占19.2%。优势侧进攻腿膝关节具有更好的运动表现,而非优势侧则进攻腿的不足需要支撑腿进行动作补偿。训练中可通过补偿性锻炼来提高双侧下肢的对称性,加强非优势腿的进攻和左右两侧腿交替击打协调性训练。在电子护具判罚计分下前横踢动作的击打力度值不存在显著性差异性,运动员可有目的性地控制击打的力量,降低单次击打的体能消耗,确保在比赛过程中保持最高效的身体状态。The objective of this study was to explore the differences in motor biomechanical characteristics of the dominant and non-dominant sides of the lower limbs of the front horizontal kick technical maneuvers under scoring of outstanding taekwondo athletes.The kinematic and kinetic data of hip,knee and ankle joints of 13 excellent taekwondo athletes under the front cross kick movement with the dominant side leg and non-dominant side leg striking the electronic brace and scoring conditions were collected using Vicon 3D motion capture system,Kistler 3D dynamometer and DeaDo electronic brace scoring system,and the collected data were inverse The kinematics and kinetics were calculated using Visual3D software,and the results were correlated using a paired-samples t-test.The results showed that attack leg,peak hip flexion moment,maximum angular velocity of extension and peak knee extension moment were greater on the dominant side than on the nondominant side(p<0.05),maximum knee flexion angle was greater on the dominant side than on the nondominant side(p<0.01),and peak hip extension moment and maximum angle of abduction were greater on the nondominant side than on the dominant side(p<0.01).Support leg,hip flexion amplitude,peak power and peak abduction power were greater on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side(p<0.05),peak hip abduction moment and peak knee extension moment were greater on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side(p<0.01),maximum angular velocity of hip extension and peak ankle plantar flexion moment were greater on the non-dominant side than on the dominant side(p<0.05),maximum angular velocity of hip abduction and peak knee flexion moment and ankle rotation out(p<0.01).3)There was no statistically significant difference in the value of the attacking leg strike force and the peak vertical ground reaction force of the attacking leg and the supporting leg between the two sides(p>0.05),and the speed of the attacking leg strike was greater on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side(

关 键 词：跆拳道 前横踢 优势侧 非优势侧 生物力学 偏侧性 

分 类 号：G886.9[文化科学—体育训练] G808.12[文化科学—体育学]