考虑环境负效应的智能垃圾桶动态收运路径优化问题  

Optimization of Dynamic Collection Route of Smart Garbage Bins Considering Negative Environmental Effects

作　　者：闫芳 邓德萍 柴福良 马艳芳[3] YAN Fang;DENG De-ping;CHAI Fu-liang;MA Yan-fang(School of Economics&Management,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Environment&Sanitation Group Co.Ltd.,Chongqing 401120,China;School of Economics and Management,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学,经济与管理学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆市环卫集团有限公司,重庆401120 [3]河北工业大学,经济与管理学院,天津300401

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2023年第1期265-274,共10页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72202056);教育部人文社科一般项目(19YJC630198);重庆交通大学研究生科研创新项目(2022S0064)。

摘　　要：随着智慧城市建设进程的推进,作为智慧城市建设基础配套设施的智能垃圾桶日益普及,其内置的监测传导装置可实时传输待清运垃圾量的相关数据,有助于解决城市生活垃圾产生量随机性导致的环境负效应以及收运系统效率低下的问题。本文基于智能垃圾桶提出一种城市生活垃圾动态收运路径优化策略。首先,考虑收运车辆延迟到达导致垃圾溢出的环境负效应,建立以最小化收运总成本为目标的垃圾收运车辆路径预优化模型和动态优化模型。其次,采用粒子群算法预优化收运路径,得到初始车辆清运方案;而后基于待清运垃圾量实时数据,设计周期性与连续性结合的策略,并构建触发连续性优化的启发式规则以实时优化车辆路径。不同规模的标准算例实验和仿真算例实验结果表明,周期性与连续性结合的优化策略在总成本、惩罚成本和距离指标上均优于周期性优化策略,且在惩罚成本指标上的改进最为显著。研究结果有助于降低由于清运不及时造成的环境负效应,为垃圾收运企业制定合理高效的清运方案提供了理论依据。With the smart city construction advancement,the smart garbage bins,which are the basic supporting facilities of the smart city,are becoming more and more popular.The fill-level sensors inside the smart garbage bins can transmit the real-time waste data which is likely to be used in reducing the negative environmental effects and inefficient collection caused by the randomness of urban domestic garbage generation.This paper proposes an optimization strategy for the dynamic municipal waste collection with smart garbage bins.Considering the negative environmental effects caused by the waste overflow,the study develops a pre-optimization model and a dynamic optimization model of waste collection vehicle routing problem to minimize the total cost of collection and transportation.Then,the particle swarm algorithm is used to pre-plan the collection routes.A strategy combining periodicity and continuity is designed and heuristic rule with continuity triggering are constructed based on the realtime data transmitted by the smart bins.The standard and simulated arithmetic experiments show that the strategy combined periodic and continuous optimization exceeds the periodic optimization strategy on total cost,penalty cost and distance metrics,and especially in penalty cost.This research is helpful in reducing the negative environmental effects caused by the improper or delayed collection,and provides a theoretical support for related enterprises in making reasonable and efficient waste collection plan.

关 键 词：物流工程 动态车辆路径问题 粒子群算法 周期性与连续性优化策略 智能垃圾桶 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]