基于问题导向的城乡规划专业建筑设计课程设置——以南京工业大学为例  

Curriculum design of architectural design for urban and rural planning major based on problem orientation:Taking Nanjing Tech University as an example

作　　者：叶如海[1] 严铮[1] 彭克伟 李晓蕾[1] 付悦[1] YE Ruhai;YAN Zheng;PENG Kewei;LI Xiaolei;FU Yue(College of Architecture,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学建筑学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《高等建筑教育》2023年第1期155-164,共10页Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning

摘　　要：国土空间规划体系包括以目标导向为主的中宏观层面总体规划,以及以问题导向为主的微观层面详细规划。另外,“城市双修”逐渐成为提升城市品质的重要手段。为了适应国家政策的变化,切实回应广大人民群众对高品质空间的需求,城乡规划专业本科低年级的建筑设计课程设置需要进行相应的调整,其课程设置目标、手段与内容要实现三个转变:由先确定建筑设计目标,再确定设计对策的目标导向设计向先发现问题,再根据问题提出解决措施的问题导向设计转变;由较为单纯的空间与功能设计技能训练向学习掌握“调研现状—发现问题—提出方案—落实措施—设计表达”的设计方法训练转变;由专注建筑功能与造型的自内向外设计向更关注建成环境对建筑设计制约的自外向内的设计转变。南京工业大学城乡规划专业建筑设计课程经过多年教学探索,结合自身特色,以问题为导向,以空间为主线,以环境为约束,建立了以“1”个现状调查分析为基础,其后展开“2”个不同类型的设计课题的“1+2”课程体系。通过大幅度增加现状分析的研究,强化环境的制约条件,突出问题导向下的建筑与环境设计,加强了学生对建筑及环境的认知,对具体问题的解决能力,对相关设计逻辑的理解能力,更好地衔接了高年级的城乡规划设计课程。The territorial spatial planning system consists of a detailed plan base that is problem-oriented at the micro level and a master plan base that is goal-oriented at the medium and macro levels.Additionally,“city improvement and ecological restoration”has evolved into a significant strategy for raising city quality.The architectural design curriculum for the junior undergraduate students of urban and rural planning also needs to be adjusted accordingly in order to adapt to the changes in national policies and effectively meet the needs of the general public for high-quality space.Its curriculum objectives,means,and contents need to achieve three changes:from the goal-oriented design of determining architectural design goals and then design countermeasures to the problem-oriented design of discovering problems and then proposing measures to solve them;from the training of simple spatial and functional design skills to the training of design methods of learning to master the whole process of“researching the current situation-discovering problems-proposing solutions-implementing measures-expressing design”;from focusing on the inside-out design focusing on building function and shape to outside-in design focusing on the constraints of built environment on building design.Nanjing Tech University has created a“1”status quo investigation and analysis-based curriculum after years of experimentation,followed by“2”design topics,combining its unique characteristics and emphasizing problem-oriented,space-based,and environment-constrained.Students can improve their understanding of architecture and the environment,their capacity to solve particular problems,their comprehension of relevant design logic,and their ability to connect with the urban and rural planning and design courses in their senior year by significantly increasing their research into current situation analysis,enhancing the environmental constraints,and emphasizing problem-oriented architectural and environmental design.

关 键 词：问题导向 建筑设计 教学 课程 城乡规划专业 

分 类 号：G642.3[文化科学—高等教育学] TU98-4[文化科学—教育学]