考虑乘客排队行为的接驳公交行车计划优化  

Feeder Bus Schedule Optimization Considering Passenger Queuing Behavior

作　　者：窦雪萍 董冉 李同飞 龚小林 DOU Xueping;DONG Ran;LI Tongfei;GONG Xiaolin(Beijing Key Laboratory of Trafic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124;Automotive and Transportation College,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]南京林业大学汽车与交通工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《系统科学与数学》2022年第12期3355-3367,共13页Journal of Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(9214022,L201008);国家自然科学基金(52002008)资助课题。

摘　　要：当居民利用公共交通网络完成长距离通勤出行时通常需要经历换乘过程.客流高峰期,乘客往往需要排队等待多班车次,从而导致换乘成本急剧增加.文章基于给定的轨道交通时刻表与换乘需求,研究了考虑乘客排队过程的接驳公交时刻表与车队规模联合优化问题.根据问卷调查结果确定乘客加入与离开候车队列事件的触发条件与发生概率;以最小化乘客出行成本与公交企业成本之和为目标;基于逆差函数实现车队规模测算与约束;建立考虑乘客排队行为的接驳公交行车计划优化模型;设计一种融入枚举过程的遗传算法求解模型,并进行不同情景下的算例分析.结果表明,优化后接驳公交行车计划在不显著增加企业成本的情况下能够大幅度降低乘客成本,但乘客排队意愿与候车行为的异质性显著影响接驳公交行车计划优化方案.研究成果可为公共交通多方式协同运行提供理论指导与决策支持.Residents usually experience transfers when they take public transit services in long-distance commuting trips.During peak hours,passengers may have to wait in a queue for multiple bus trips,resulting in a sharp increase in their transfer costs.Given train schedules and transfer demand,joint optimization of feeder bus timetable and fleet size has been investigated,with consideration of passenger queuing behavior.According to an elaborate questionnaire survey,the trigger conditions and occurrence probability of passengers joining and leaving a waiting queue are determined.A feeder bus schedule optimization model is formulated to minimize the sum of passengers’ travel cost and bus operator’s cost.In the model,the fleet size is explicitly calculated and constrained for each feasible bus timetable based on the deficit function.A genetic algorithm incorporating an enumeration process is developed to solve the model,and numerical experiments are conducted under different scenarios.The results indicate that the optimized feeder bus schedule can greatly reduce passenger travel cost without observably increasing bus operation cost,but the different queuing behavior of heterogeneous passengers has a significant impact on bus schedule optimization solutions.This research can provide theoretical guidance and decision support for the coordinated operation of an integrated public transit system.

关 键 词：行车计划 非线性规划 接驳公交 排队行为 逆差函数 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]