跨学科:博士生创新能力培养的基本路向  

Interdisciplinarity:The Basic Way of Cultivating Doctoral Students’Innovative Ability

作　　者：孙士茹 Sun Shiru(Department of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2023年第1期25-34,共10页forum on contemporary education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学重点委托课题“国家‘十四五’时期高等教育学科发展研究”(编号:WAA200001);北京师范大学教育学部学生科研课题项目“教育学研究生的跨学科能力结构及其培养路径研究(编号:211209)”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：面向未来的大科学时代,学术创新增长点越来越倾向于发生在跨学科交叉融合地带,通过跨学科教育培养和提升博士生创新能力是必然趋势。实践中,基于跨学科的博士生创新能力培养面临诸多困境,包括招生壁垒:单学科主导的博士生生源结构供给;传统院系组织制掣肘:基于单学科的制度化建制与分割化治理;单导师制束缚:导师队伍的跨学科合作创新渠道不畅通与指导胜任力不足;培养模式过度专业化:单一学科范式的博士生课程教学和学术科研训练体系;“内卷化”评价阻滞:工具理性、量化取向与优绩支配的博士生质量标准。为此,亟须优化博士生招生制度设计,构建弹性、灵活与动态的跨学科资格准入通道和参与形式;重构博士生教育组织模态,新置跨学科协同育人模式与“教—学—研”相贯通的人才培养体系;构建多元化的导师联合指导制度,提升导生的跨学科胜任力、学习力和实践力以及革新博士生质量评价体系,基于创新本位进行学术成果评定和能力认证。In the era of big science in the future,the growth point of academic innovation is increasingly occurring in the area of cross-discipline integration zone.It is an inevitable trend to cultivate and enhance the innovative ability of doctoral students through interdisciplinary education.In practice,the cultivation of innovative ability of doctoral students based on interdisciplinary still faces many difficulties,mainly including:enrollment barriers:the supply of doctoral student source structure dominated by a single discipline;the constraints of the traditional organizational system of the department:the institutional system based on the single discipline and the segmented governance;the restriction of the single tutorial system:the interdisciplinary cooperation and innovation channel of the tutor team is not smooth and the guidance competence is insufficient;the over-specialization of cultivation mode:doctoral courses and academic research training system of single discipline paradigm;the block of“internalization”evaluation:instrumental rationality,quantitative orientation and the quality standard of doctoral students dominated by merit.Therefore,it is urgent to optimize the design of doctoral enrollment system,and construct flexible and dynamic access channels of interdisciplinary qualifications and forms of participation.Reconstruct the organizational mode of doctoral education,and establish a new talent training system combining interdisciplinary collaborative education mode and“teaching-learning-research”.To construct a diversified tutor joint guidance system,improve the interdisciplinary competence,learning ability and practice ability of the students,innovate the quality evaluation system of doctoral students,and carry out academic achievement evaluation and ability certification based on innovation standard.

关 键 词：博士生 创新人才 创新能力 跨学科 学科交叉 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]