政策效益视角下我国流域生态补偿机制完善问题探析  

Improvement of Watershed Ecological Compensation in China from the Perspective of Policy Effectiveness

作　　者：王敏英[1] 郭庆 林博虎 覃茂运 王晨野[1] Wang Minying;Guo Qing;Lin Bohu;Qin Maoyun;Wang Chenye(Hainan Academy of Environmental Sciences,Haikou 571126,China;Hainan University,Haikou 570208,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省环境科学研究院,海口571126 [2]海南大学,海口570208

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2023年第1期130-135,共6页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“‘美丽中国’生态建设的评估方法”(2019YFC0507803);2022年度海南省哲学社会科学规划课题[HNSK(YB)22-29];海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目基金(2019RC354)。

摘　　要：作为平衡流域经济社会发展利益相关者生态利益与经济利益的政策工具,流域生态补偿机制在实践过程中有效缓解了流域生态保护者与受益者之间的利益冲突,促进了生态保护与经济协同发展。文中通过案例分析与归纳,梳理近10年来新安江、汀江、长江等典型流域生态补偿政策实施的综合效益;结合“十四五”乃至更长一段时间流域绿色高质量发展需求,指出中国流域生态补偿政策实践具有较好的政策综合效益,其中改善与提升流域生态环境最为显著,但也存在水质改善即将面临天花板、政策对经济发展产生的正向影响有限、上下游未建立起共建与共享机制等问题;提出完善流域生态补偿机制的建议,包括建立政府主导下的多元合作共治机制、多元平衡保护者与受益者利益的途径、科学精准的流域生态补偿技术体系、高效闭环的生态补偿政策调整优化机制和公众有效参与机制。As a policy instrument used to achieve the trade-offs between the ecological interests and economic interests of stakeholders in watershed socioeconomic development,watershed ecological compensation has effectively alleviated the conflicts of interest between eco-environment protectors and beneficiaries and promoted the synergy of ecological protection and economic development.The paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits of the watershed ecological compensation policy since its implementation 10 years ago in typical Xin’an River basin,Ting River basin and the Yangtze River basin.In view of the requirements for green and high-quality development of river basins during the“14th Five Year Plan”and even longer period,it is pointed out that China’s watershed ecological compensation policy has achieved good comprehensive benefits in practices,among which watershed ecological environment improvement is the most significant,but it is also challenged by some problems such as the imminent ceiling for water quality improvement,the limited positive impact of policies on economic development,and the failure to establish sharing mechanism between upstream and downstream.It is suggested that the watershed ecological compensation mechanism could be improved by establishing government-led multi-stakeholders cooperation and co-governance mechanism,multiple paths for balancing the interests between protectors and beneficiaries,science-based and precise technical system of watershed ecological compensation,efficient closed-loop mechanism of policy adjustment and optimization,and efficient public participation mechanism.

关 键 词：流域生态补偿 政策效益 利益相关者 中国 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]