灌水量与施肥水平对马铃薯生长和产量的影响  

Effect of irrigation and fertilization level on potato growth and yield

作　　者：冯恩英 彭志良[1] 孙长青[1] 岳延滨[1] 黎瑞君[1] FENG Enying;PENG Zhiliang;SUN Changqing;YUE Yanbin;LI Ruijun(Guizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Information Institute,Guiyang 550006,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科技信息研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第2期70-78,共9页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般173);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y019号)。

摘　　要：以宣薯2号为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区设3个灌水量,副区设3个施肥水平,研究了灌水量、施肥水平及其互作对马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明,灌水量对马铃薯株高有显著影响,株高随灌水量增加而降低,中水、高水间无显著差异,但均显著低于低水;施肥水平对株高的影响由不显著变为显著,株高随施肥水平的提高先增大后降低。灌水量对马铃薯单株大薯数、单株大薯质量、单株薯产量、单株商品薯产量、小区产量、小区商品薯产量有显著影响,均随着灌水量增加而逐渐增加,中水、高水间产量无显著差异,与低水相比,中水、高水小区产量显著提高14.85%、19.01%,小区商品薯产量显著提高18.56%、23.39%;施肥水平对马铃薯产量性状及产量影响不显著,小区产量、小区商品薯产量随施肥水平增加而逐渐增加。综合来看,灌水量为中水、高水较适宜,从产量和节水节肥的角度考虑,该试验条件下中水低肥(灌水量1000 m^(3)·hm^(-2),N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量为84、42、168 kg·hm^(-2))和高水中肥(灌水量1300 m^(3)·hm^(-2),N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量为120、60、240 kg·hm^(-2))可作为贵州马铃薯栽培的适宜水肥组合。Xuanshu No.2 was used as a test material,and a split-plot experiment design was used to study the effects of irrigation amount,fertilization level and their interaction on potato growth and yield.Three irrigation amounts were set in the main plots and three fertilization levels were set in the secondary plots.The results showed that different irrigation amount significantly influenced the plant height of potato,and the plant height were decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.There was no significant difference between middle water and high water,but the plant height was significantly lower than that of low water.The effect of fertilization level on plant height changed from insignificant to significant,and an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase of fertilization level.Different irrigation amount significantly influenced the number and quality of large potatoes per plant,the yield of potato and marketable potato per plant,the yield of potato and mareketable potato in the test plot,and which were increased with the increase of irrigation amount.There was no significant difference in the yield between middle water and high water.While compared with low water,the plot yield of middle water and high water significantly increased by 14.85%and 19.01%respectively,and the plot yield of marketable potato significantly increased by 18.56%and 23.39%respectively.Fertilization level had no significant effect on potato yield traits and yield,but the yield and marketable potato yield in the test plot were increased gradually with the increase of fertilization level.In conclusion,middle water and high water are the more suitable irrigation amount.Middle water-low fertilizer(irrigation amount 1000 m^(3)·hm^(-2),N 84 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)42 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 168 kg·hm^(-2))and high water-middle fertilizer(irrigation amount 1300 m^(3)·hm^(-2),N 120 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)60 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O_(2)40 kg·hm^(-2))can be used as the appropriate combination for potato cultivation in Guizhou Province.

关 键 词：马铃薯 灌水量 施肥水平 交互作用 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S607.1S606.2