上田万年东洋语言学之世纪布局  

Japanese Linguist Ueda Mannen’s East Asian Linguistics:Century Strategy

作　　者：李无未[1] Li Wuwei

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2023年第2期68-77,共10页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“东亚汉语音韵学史文献发掘与研究”(21VJXT014),国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“东亚《韵镜》学史文献发掘及研究”(20AYY017)。

摘　　要：19世纪末20世纪初,日本近现代语言学的奠基人上田万年在日本政府的支持下,开始实施具有国家语言战略性质的“东洋语言学规划”。他以东京大学为学术平台,参考德国语言学家甲柏连孜的东方语言学构想,结合东亚各国语言学传统,迎合日本面向东亚的军国主义殖民地政策,进行语言学“大布局”,构建了一个历史比较语言学意识下以日本国语为核心的东洋语言学理论体系,又通过国语学理论,将带有殖民色彩的东洋语言学理论付诸实践。他所培养的学生则在他规定的研究领域各自有所成就,传承学术血脉,逐渐形成令世人瞩目的日本语言学“大格局”。研究这个世纪布局的积极意义在于:这是东亚学者建立起的第一个自主的现代语言学理论体系,对摸清欧洲语言学尤其是历史语言学在东亚的传入进程具有重要意义;它成为当时渗透进日本、韩国、中国等国语言学的重要学术理论,对认识东亚各国现代语言学的形成与发展历史十分重要。其破坏性影响也不可忽视,比如日本“东亚殖民语言学”理论指导下的“战争语学”盛行,就与上田万年东洋语言学理论中的民族主义及殖民主义政治意识密切相关,对此应有清醒的认识。At the turn of the 20th century,under the aegis of the Japanese government,Ueda Mannen,the founder of modern linguistics,started to implement the strategic"Plan of East Asian Linguistics".Through using the Imperial University of Tokyo as an academic platform and with reference to German linguist Georg von der Gabelentz’s conception of Oriental Linguistics and his own national language theory,Ueda Mannen was able to put his theory of East Asian linguistics into practice.The theory,which was part of the so-called"Century Strategy",was developed under the influence of historic comparative linguistics with an aim to cater to the Japanese official policy of East Asian militaristic colonialism.Albeit a combination of the theoretic system of East Asian linguistics,it set the Japanese national language as the core of the theory and was characteristic of colonialist inspiration.On the other hand,his students were all trained in the specified areas he designed for them and made significant achievements.As a result,a notable"Century Strategy"eventually emerged in Japanese linguistics.The positive implications of examining the"Century Strategy"are:as this is the first self-sufficient modern linguistic theoretic system advanced by Asian scholars,it is,therefore,significant to obtain a clearer picture of the trajectory of how European linguistic,particularly historical comparative linguistics,was introduced to East Asia;it is also the important academic theory that permeated into linguistics in Japan,Korean and China,thus studying it contributes to a proper understanding of the history of how modern linguistics was formed and evolved in East Asian countries.While recognizing its significance,we should not overlook its negative influence.For instance,in Japan,the popular"War Linguistics",driven by the theory of"East Asian Colonialist Linguistics",was closely associated with the nationalist political ideology as seen in East Asian linguistics theory.We should have a clear understanding of this.

关 键 词：上田万年 东洋语言学 世纪布局 反思 破坏性结果 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]