通过声卡采集光电门数据研究大幅度阻尼单摆的振动  

The Investigation of Large Amplitude Damped Pendulum Vibration by Collecting Photoelectric Gate Data Through Audio Card

作　　者：张世功 肖志俊 刘广群 ZHANG Shigong;XIAO Zhijun;LIU Guangqun(College of Science,Guizhou Institute of Technology,Guiyang 550003,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州理工学院理学院,贵州贵阳550003

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2022年第6期75-78,共4页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(11764007);大学物理教指委西南地区教改项目(SWPTJG-2108).

摘　　要：普通物理实验中常用的光电门仅能提供挡光次数和总时间,利用软件通过声卡对光电门数据进行采集可以得到每次挡光的时刻,这为研究大幅度阻尼单摆的振动规律提供了可能。对采样的电压数据进行一阶差分,出现的正、负尖脉冲分别对应原始信号的上升沿和下降沿,为光电门开始和结束被挡光的时刻。计算的单摆周期随时间有明显的减小趋势,长时间大幅阻尼单摆实验结果得到的单摆周期变化规律与摄动法结果有较好的一致性。并根据光电门挡光时间估算了空气的阻尼系数,与相关文献中的结果相吻合,研究结果为利用普通光电门研究复杂的振动现象提供了可行性。The photoelectric gate commonly used in ordinary physics experiments can only count the number of light blocking and total time.Through the audio card,the photoelectric gate data can be collected and every time of light blocking can be obtained,which provides the possibility to study the vibration law of the large damping pendulum.The first-order difference is made to the voltage data sampled,and the positions of the positive and negative pulses corresponding to the rising edge and falling edge of the original sample signal,respectively,and which is the moment when the photoelectric gate is blocked at the beginning and end.The calculated period of the pendulum decreases with time,and the results of the long-time large damping pendulum experiment are in good agreement with the results of the perturbation method.The damping coefficient of the air is estimated according to the light blocking time of the photogate,which is consistent with the results in related literatures.The research results provide the feasibility for the study of complex vibration phenomena by using ordinary photogate.

关 键 词：光电门 单摆 大幅度 阻尼 周期 

分 类 号：O422.7[理学—声学] O4-39[理学—物理]