中国防灾减灾10年回顾与展望  

Ten years of disaster prevention and mitigation in China: A review

作　　者：崔鹏 张国涛[1] 王姣 CUI Peng;ZHANG Guotao;WANG Jiao(Key Laboratory of Land Surface System and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education Commission,Islamabad 45320,Pakistan;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国-巴基斯坦地球科学研究中心,中国科学院-巴基斯坦高等教育委员会,巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡453203 [3]中国科学院·水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《科技导报》2023年第1期7-13,共7页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41790432);中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目(131551KYSB20160002)。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,中央在加强应急管理、系统提高防灾减灾救灾能力方面做出了一系列重要决策部署。10年来,中国减灾能力、现代化综合救援能力和重大安全风险防控能力持续增强,新时代应急管理取得了显著成效。同时,防灾减灾研究为“一带一路”沿线国家可持续发展提供了有力的科技支撑,灾害大数据平台在灾害防控工作中起到重要作用。针对目前中国自然灾害频发、高发的现状与趋势,自然灾害防灾减灾存在本底数据、机理认识、风险预测的挑战。未来应重点加强自然灾害基础研究、监测预警体系构建、韧性社会建设、科普教育、自然灾害保险等方面的工作,更好地推进社会经济的可持续发展和营造宜居地球,构建人与自然和谐的人类命运共同体。For the past 10 years China's disaster mitigation capabilities,modern comprehensive rescue capabilities,and major security risk prevention capabilities have been continuously enhanced and emergency management in the new era has achieved remarkable results.Meanwhile,research on disaster prevention and mitigation has provided strong scientific and technological support for the sustainable development of countries along the"Belt and Road",and the big data platform for disasters has played an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation.Given the current situation and trend of the frequent and high occurrence of natural disasters in China,there are still challenges in natural disaster prevention and mitigation in terms of background data,mechanism understanding,and risk prediction.In the future we should focus on strengthening basic research of natural disasters,establishing monitoring and early warning systems,construction of a resilient society,science education,and natural disaster insurance,so as to better promote sustainable socio-economic development and create a livable earth and build a community of human destiny in harmony with nature.

关 键 词：自然灾害 灾害风险 应急管理 防灾减灾 气候变化 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]