莫来石粉末化学镀镍和涂层的高温摩擦学性能  

High-temperature Tribological Properties for Plasma Spraying Coating of Ni-P Plated Mullite Powders

作　　者：陈开旺 张鹏林[1,2] 李树旺 牛显明[2] 胡春莲[2] CHEN Kaiwang;ZHANG Penglin;LI Shuwang;NIU Xianming;HU Chunlian(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《材料研究学报》2023年第1期39-46,共8页Chinese Journal of Materials Research

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2017D-02)。

摘　　要：先进行正交试验优化镀液的工艺参数,然后用化学镀对莫来石粉末进行表面包覆并对包覆粉末进行850℃热处理,用等离子喷涂技术在304不锈钢表面分别制备莫来石涂层和包覆粉末涂层。用附带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征了包覆粉末和涂层的微观结构,用HV-1000维氏显微硬度仪测试了涂层硬度,用HT-1000摩擦实验机测试了800℃时涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:镀液的优化工艺参数为:硫酸镍20 g/L,次磷酸钠30 g/L,柠檬酸钠20 g/L,氯化铵20 g/L,pH=5.5,水浴温度80℃,施镀时间1 h。在莫来石粉末表面包覆的Ni-P镀层均匀致密,热处理使包覆镀层由非晶态向晶态转变,生成了Ni和Ni_(3)P相。莫来石涂层主要由莫来石相和γ-Al_(2)O_(3)相组成,包覆粉末涂层主要由Ni、AlNi_(3)、Ni_(3)P和莫来石相组成。在包覆粉末涂层中引入Ni-P镀层使涂层的硬度由417.5 HV_(0.2)提高到500.1 HV_(0.2)。包覆粉末涂层的耐磨性优于莫来石涂层,包覆粉末涂层的摩擦系数比莫来石涂层明显减小,包覆粉末涂层的磨损率为13×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m),是莫来石涂层的0.59倍。磨损后莫来石涂层的表面有明显的梨沟和涂层剥落,而包覆粉末涂层的表面光滑,涂层剥落较少。两组涂层的磨损形式,主要为塑性变形和磨粒磨损。Firstly,mullite powders were Ni-P plated by electroless plating,and next,subjected to a heat treatment at 850℃.Then coatings of blank-and Ni-P plated-mullite powders were plasma sprayed on 304 stainless steel,respectively.The friction and wear properties of the coatings at 800℃were tested by a tribometer.The Ni-P plated powders and the plasma spraying coatings were characterized by means of SEM,XRD and Vickers microhardness tester.The results show that the optimized process parameters for electroless plating were as follows:the bath with pH 5.5 composed of NiSO4·6H_(2)O_(2)0 g/L,NaH_(2)PO_(2)·H_(2)O_(3)0 g/L,Na_(3)C_(6)H_(5)O_(7)·2H_(2)O_(2)0 g/L and NH_(4)Cl_(2)0 g/L,the plating was conducted at 80℃for 1 h.The plated Ni-P layer on the surface of mullite powder was uniform and compact,and the heat treatment made the layer change from amorphous to crystalline consisted of Ni and Ni_(3)P.The sprayed mullite coating was mainly composed of mullite phase andγ-Al_(2)O_(3)phase,and the sprayed coating of Ni-P plated powders was mainly composed of Ni,AlNi_(3),Ni_(3)P and mullite.The introduction of Ni-P plating for mullite powders could enhance the hardness of the sprayed coating from 417.5 HV_(0.2)to 500.1 HV_(0.2).The sprayed coating of Ni-P mullite powders presented a good wear resistance superior to that of the blank ones.Correspondingly,the Ni-P plated powder coating has significantly lower friction coefficient with a wear rate of 13×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m),which was only 0.59 times of that for the mullite coating.After wear test,obvious ploughs and local spallations could be observed on the surface of mullite coating,while the surface of the Ni-P plated powder coating was smooth with less spallation.Besides,the wear forms of the two coatings were mainly plastic deformation and abrasive wear.

关 键 词：材料表面与界面 摩擦磨损 化学镀 莫来石 NI-P合金 正交试验 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]