听力正常人群噪声竞争条件下声源定位能力研究  

Sound Localization in Noise in Normal-hearing Listeners

作　　者：龙越 王伟[1,2] 刘娇[1,2] 张爽 施诗 杨亚利[1,2] 王海鹏 解舒婷 龚树生 LONG Yue;WANG Wei;LIU Jiao;ZHANG Shuang;SHI Shi;YANG Yali;WANG Haipeng;XIE Shuting;GONG Shusheng(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China,100050;Clinical Center for Hearing Loss,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China,100050)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京100050 [2]首都医科大学耳聋疾病临床诊治与研究中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2023年第1期35-40,共6页Chinese Journal of Otology

摘　　要：目的空间听觉对于感知周围环境至关重要。真实世界的听力经常涉及具有多个声源的嘈杂环境。本研究拟对听力正常受试者进行水平方位的声源识别测试,探索不同噪声条件对声音定位能力的影响,比较获得适用于嘈杂环境下声源定位测试的噪声条件。方法本研究为横断面研究。一共纳入28名听力正常受试者,测试阵列由前方37个间隔5°的扬声器组成,刺激声信号为0.25,0.5,1,2,4,8 kHz啭音,强度为50 dB SPL。测试条件包括安静、白噪声35 dB SPL(WN35)、白噪声40 dB SPL(WN40)、言语噪声40 dB SPL(BN40)。采用均方根误差(Root-mean-square error,RMSE)为评估指标。结果受试者安静条件下的声源定位能力明显优于噪声条件(安静-WN35:Z=3.461,P=0.001;安静-WN40:Z=4.440,P=0.000;安静-BN40:Z=3.803,P=0.000)。WN35条件下的结果明显优于WN40条件下的结果(Z=2.687,P=0.007)。WN40和BN40条件之间没有显着差异(Z=1.207,P=0.227)。在噪声条件下,受试者对高频刺激声的定位能力更差(WN35:H=39.479,P=0.000;WN40:H=44.299,P=0.000;40BN:H=11.426,P=0.003)。受试者对前方声音的定位能力优于侧方声音(安静:Z=5.588,P=0.000;WN35:Z=2.344,P=0.019;WN40:Z=2.245,P=0.025;BN40:Z=2.311,P=0.021)。结论信噪比为15 dB SPL即可显著影响听力正常受试者的声源定位能力,噪声越大影响越显著。相同声压级的白噪声和言语噪声对受试者声源定位能力的影响无显著差异。噪声环境对高频声音的定位能力影响更显著。来自正面的刺激比来自侧面的刺激更容易定位。Objective Spatial hearing is important for awareness of one’s surroundings.Real-world hearing frequently involves noisy environments with multiple sound sources.This study aimed to study the effect of different noises on sound localization ability.Methods Sound source identification tasks were conducted in 28 adult participants with normal hearing.Thirty-seven loudspeakers were arranged in a semicircular array in front of the participant at 5°intervals.Stimuli were 250,500,1000,2000,4000 and 8000 Hz FM-tones at 50 dB SPL.Four test conditions included:quiet,white noise at 35 dB SPL(WN35)or 40 dB SPL(WN40),and babble noise at 40 dB SPL(BN40).The root mean square error(RMSE)was calculated.Results Results in quiet were significantly better than those under noisy conditions(quiet vs.WN35:Z=3.461,P=0.001;quiet vs.WN40:Z=4.440,P=0.000;quiet vs.BN40:Z=3.803,P=0.000).Results under WN35 were significantly better than those under WN40(Z=2.687,P=0.007).There was no significant difference between the WN40 and BN40 conditions(Z=1.207,P=0.227).Under noisy conditions,participants performed worse in localizing high-frequency stimuli(WN35:H=39.479,P=0.000;WN40:H=44.299,P=0.000;40BN:H=11.426,P=0.003),but were better able to localize sounds from the front than from the side(quiet:Z=5.588,P=0.000;WN35:Z=2.344,P=0.019;WN40:Z=2.245,P=0.025;BN40:Z=2.311,P=0.021).Conclusion A signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB can significantly affect the sound localization ability in a person with normal hearing in a dose-dependent manner and with no difference between white noise and babble noise.High-frequency sounds are more susceptible to noise interference,while front sound localization is less affected by noise.

关 键 词：声源定位 空间听觉 噪声干扰 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]