中国警察职业压力状况调查与分析——基于积极心理学的视角  

Survey and Analysis on Occupational Stress of Chinese Police:Based on the Positive Psychology

作　　者：张海燕[1] ZHANG Hai-yan(School of Marxism,Guangdong Police College,Guangzhou 510230,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东警官学院马克思主义学院,广州510230

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期67-73,共7页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：广东高校省级重点平台和重大科研项目之特色创新类项目(人文社科)“公安院校培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的路径研究”(2015WTSCX079);广东省公安厅2017年度调研课题项目“新时代全面从严治党视域下的广东公安队伍建设研究”(广公办字[2017]150号);广东警官学院校级课题“积极心理学视域下的警察职业压力研究”(2019-SY01)。

摘　　要：警察承担着为社会提供公共安全服务的职责,在当前日益复杂严峻的治安形势下,职业压力过大已成为阻碍我国警察队伍健康发展的重要难题,会危及国家政治稳定和群众的安居乐业。基于广东、湖南、河南、山东四省320名警察的调查数据显示,当前警察职业压力现状特点主要是警察职业压力总体偏高,在工作强度、工作负荷、组织运行管理、组织内人际关系、社会环境等方面普遍感受到压力,婚姻、性别、警种是显著影响警察职业压力的因素等。其原因主要在于警察个体对压力的认知评价、社会环境、组织管理、工作任务等内外部因素。据此,根据积极心理学理念,从个体与组织两个层面提出了提升警察职业认同感和荣誉感、培养积极情感体验、树立积极职业生涯发展理念、建构有效社会支持系统等缓解警察职业压力的建议。The police are responsible for providing public safety services to the society.With increasingly complex and severe public security,excessive occupational pressure has become an important problem that hinders the healthy development of the police force,which will endanger the political stability of the country and the citizens’well-being.According to the survey among 320 polices in Guangdong,Hunan,Henan,Shandong,the police occupational pressure has the following characteristics:high occupational pressure,strong work intensity,large workload,pressure on organizational operation and management,interpersonal relationships within the organization,social environment,etc.Besides,marriage,gender,and department are factors that significantly affect the occupational stress.The prior studies found that internal factors(the police individual’s cognitive evaluation of stress)and external factors(social environment;organizational management;duties)are the main reasons of the police occupational stress.Based on these,the current study suggests on the basis of the positive psychology that we promote professional identity and sense of honor for the police,cultivate positive emotional experiences,establish a positive career development value,and construct effective social support system through both the individual and organizational levels to help the police formulate effective strategies to relieve occupational stress.

关 键 词：中国警察 职业压力 积极心理学 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C913.2[哲学宗教—心理学]