精神分析视角下的中国丧祭礼与家庭代际结构——兼议其中的生死冲动  

Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Chinese Funeral and Sacrificial“Li”and Family Intergenerational Structure:Also Discuss the Drives of Life and Death in It

作　　者：刘子潇 居飞[1] LIU Zixiao;JU Fei

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第1期124-133,198,共11页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“拉康思想发展研究”(项目编号:19BZX094)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：精神分析学说自弗洛伊德创立以来,主要基于夫妻家庭的形态来分析子女与父母之间在无意识中的爱恨生死。中国古典家庭结构则呈现出与夫妻家庭相异的三代家庭形态,展现了一种更为复杂的代际互动与代际冲突模式,并由此发展出解决这一冲突的独特文化方式。以精神分析视角观之,一方面,正如弗洛伊德所揭示的,代际之间除了爱与传承之外,还表现出明显的冲突与对抗;另一方面,中国家庭通过昭穆制度化解了三代之间的爱恨冲突、传递与接收的矛盾,并由此建立了一种独特的代际互动,以及由此产生的生死观——“死而复生”。中国的丧祭礼则可帮助我们理解这种独特的代际互动及生死观。Since its founding by Freud,psychoanalytic theory has analyzed the unconscious love-hate life and death between children and parents mainly based on the form of the husband-wife family.However,the classical Chinese family structure presents a three-generation family pattern different from the husband-wife family,showing a more complex pattern of intergenerational interaction and intergenerational conflict,and thus developing a unique cultural way of resolving this conflict.From a psychoanalytic perspective,on the one hand,as Freud revealed,in addition to love and inheritance between generations,there is also a clear conflict and confrontation,but on the other hand,because of the connection between the three generations,the Chinese family resolves the love-hate conflict and the contradiction of delivery and reception between the three generations through the Zhao Mu(昭穆)system,and thus establishes a unique intergenerational interaction and a unique view of life and death“-rebirth from death”,arising from it,while Chinese Funeral and Sacrificial“Li”(礼)can help us understand this unique intergenerational interaction and view of life and death.In this regard,this paper will examine the intergenerational love-hate conflict and the contradiction of delivery and reception in Chinese three-generation family and their resolution in the context of several rituals of Chinese funeral and sacrificial“Li”.

关 键 词：精神分析 丧祭礼 三代家庭 死而复生 中庸 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]