中国主产区芝麻生育期降水时空分布特征  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation during Sesame Growth Period in Main Producing Areas of China

作　　者：张建涛 李国强 刘海礁 张杰 张辉 高桐梅[3] 李灯华 Zhang Jiantao;Li Guoqiang;Liu Haijiao;Zhang Jie;Zhang Hui;Gao Tongmei;Li Denghua(Agricultural Economy&Information Research Institution,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450008,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450008,China;Institute of Agricultural Information,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所/农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,河南郑州450008 [2]农业农村部农业信息服务技术重点实验室,北京100081 [3]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南郑州450008 [4]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第1期134-143,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2022年度河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110117);农业农村部农业信息服务技术重点实验室开放课题;2022年度留学人员科研择优资助项目;河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所科技创新领军人才培育计划项目(2021KJCX02);河南省农业科学院基本科研自主选题(2021ZC55,2022ZC49)。

摘　　要：选取中国芝麻主产区河南、湖北、安徽、江西四省63个气象站点1978—2019年间的逐日降水资料,运用时间序列分析方法,研究主产区及四省芝麻生育期内降水量的时空分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明:主产区芝麻全生育期平均降水量在224.3~1 194.3 mm之间,呈西北部和南部低、中东部高的分布趋势,且变异系数较大,在0.20~0.98之间。主产区中河南、湖北、安徽三省降水主要集中在现蕾-盛花期,江西主要集中在苗期。从气候倾向率看,主产区北部降水量以减少趋势为主,南部以增加趋势为主,但趋势大部分不显著;具体到各省情况,安徽终花-成熟期平均每10年显著增加14.2 mm,江西苗期和全生育期平均每10年分别显著增加22.1 mm和43.1 mm,其余省份和其它生育期变化趋势均不显著。1978—2019年主产区芝麻生育期内每个省都有50%以上的年份降水量在300~600 mm区间,而河南有81.0%的年份降水量在300~600 mm之间,四省中占比最高,且全生育期内降水量较其它三省偏少,与芝麻需水量契合度较高。本研究所得出的1978—2019年中国主产区四省芝麻生育期内降水量的时空分布特征与变化规律,可为今后中国芝麻种植布局和生产决策提供参考。Based on the daily precipitation data of 63 meteorological stations in Henan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces from 1978 to 2019, the time series analysis method was used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and variation trend of precipitation in the main sesame producing areas and the four provinces. The results showed that the average precipitation during the whole growth period in the main sesame producing areas ranged from 224.3 mm to 1 194.3 mm with the distribution trend of low precipitation in the northwest and south area and high in the mid-east area, and the variation coefficient was larger, ranging from 0.20 to 0.98. The precipitation in Henan, Hubei and Anhui Provinces was mainly concentrated in the budding to flowering periods, while that in Jiangxi Province was mainly concentrated in the seedling period. From the perspective of climate tendency rate, the precipitation in the northern part of the main producing area mainly decreased, while that in the southern part mainly increased, but the most variation was not significant;according to the situation of each province, the average increase from final flowering to maturity was 14.2 mm per 10 years in Anhui Province, and that of seedling stage and the whole growth period in Jiangxi Province were 22.1 mm and 43.1 mm per 10 years, respectively;the change trend of other growth periods in other provinces was not significant. During 1978-2019, more than 50% of the annual precipitation in each province was in the range of 300~600 mm, while 81.0% of the annual precipitation in Henan Province was in the range of 300~600 mm, accounting for the highest proportion among the four provinces, and the precipitation in the whole growth period was less than that in the other three provinces, indicating high compatibility with sesame water requirement. This study clarified the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and variation rules of precipitation during the growth period of the four provinces in main sesame producing areas fro

关 键 词：芝麻 主产区 降水 时空分布 

分 类 号：S161.6[农业科学—农业气象学]