人体生物矿化与病态结晶研究进展  

Biomineralization and pathological crystallization in vivo

作　　者：朱佐轩 李斯 汤伟伟 龚俊波[1] 王静康[1] Zuoxuan Zhu;Si Li;Weiwei Tang;Junbo Gong;Jingkang Wang(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering,the Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin,School of Chemical Enginee ring and Techn Tianiin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,化学工程联合国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第4期339-355,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21808159);天津市自然科学基金(19JCQNJC04800)资助。

摘　　要：生物体通过矿化结晶可制备出具有多层级结构有序的功能材料以实现特定生物功能,但是有害(或病态)的结晶过程则会诱发诸如肾结石、动脉粥样硬化、疟疾、痛风等疾病.迄今为止,科学家对哺乳动物体内无机或有机盐病态矿化结晶的分子机制认识仍不清楚,但随着结晶科学推动病态矿化领域的发展,生物病态结晶研究近年来已取得了众多突破性成果和重要进展.本文从结晶过程机理认识和抑制药物分子开发需求出发,首先介绍了病态矿化结晶过程诱发的几种常见人类疾病,综述了这些疾病相关的无机或有机盐晶体结晶过程机制的研究进展,重点阐述了诱发肾结石形成的晶体成核、生长、聚结和黏附不同阶段、不同尺度的分子机制研究进展以及结晶抑制药物分子的设计开发策略.最后,梳理了今后生物病态结晶领域研究的重点方向,为病态矿化引发的人类疾病的预防、治疗和药物研究开发提供指导.In the chemical industry, crystallization is an indispensable unit operation in the separation of the solid-liquid phase and a ubiquitous method to manufacture high-value crystal products. In nature, crystallization resulting in mineralization is a more general phenomenon in organisms. Modern crystallization technology is gradually expanding into the field of biomolecular engineering. However, biomineralization, in which organisms form tissues with biological functions by controlling the precipitation and crystallization of inorganic nanocrystals in organic matrices, is a dynamic, complex process that accompanies the organism throughout its life. But, when abnormal fluctuations occur in the body’s internal chemical environment, pathological mineralization occurs, resulting in the precipitation of inorganic or organic salt crystals which are aberrant crystallizations, a process known as pathological crystallization, causing disease and endangering human health, such as kidney stones, gall stones, malaria, and gout. Compared to the conventional crystallization from solution in chemical engineering which contains crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation, biomineralization involves many microscopic and macroscopic processes such as ion/molecular assembly into nuclei, crystal-liquid interface mass transfer, and particle aggregation, which strongly couples with the physiological environment. The limitation of conventional crystallization hinders the advancement in understanding the mechanism of the ion/molecular crystallization process and the regulation of complex environments in vivo, resulting in the blindness of the screening and development of drugs for the treatment and prevention of such diseases. The study of biomineralization is a frontier research field and their discoveries in pathological crystallization are supposed to promote the development of clinical medicine.Based on the latest research in crystal engineering and crystallography, we take the common pathological mineralizationinduced diseases(mala

关 键 词：生物矿化 病理性(病态)结晶 成核 晶体生长 分子设计 抑制剂 

分 类 号：R364[医药卫生—病理学]