审级上提的科层失调及其优化——民事再审修法效果的计量法学分析  

Promotion of the Civil Retrial Level and Court Hierarchical Problems: A Metrological Analysis of Civil Procedure Law Amendments

作　　者：陈慰星[1] CHEN Wei-xing

机构地区：[1]华侨大学法学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期97-110,共14页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：福建省社会科学规划特别委托项目“智慧法院电子诉讼司法改革研究”(FJ2020TWFX003)。

摘　　要：民事再审修法以再审之诉为导向,却并未完全实现赋能当事人再审诉权的目标。对历次再审修法的数据进行计量分析,可发现上提审级之后,终审法院与再审法院存在科层间的上下失调,且再审科层内部的非正式关系也导致再审立案审查标准的权变性,造成结案率绩效考核压力下的再审纠错等审级机能退化,并滋生了委托终审法院化解案件和牟利再审申请盛行等内外部科层问题。进一步的再审数据相关性分析表明,落实再审之诉与上提审级的修法目标,首在固化再审立案标准的“形式化”审查属性,避免依据立案数量进行的非正式立案标准调整,同时剔除再审结案率考核指标并改造再审法院内部的组织运作,促进专门化再审团队和人工智能辅助裁判发展,以强化一种去人格化的再审纠错机能。为杜绝诉前化解对再审机能异化,应建立衔接上述形式审查立案后的庭前实质审查程序以及优化再审调解程序,并取消案件再向终审法院回转的再审立案化解。The big data of Civil Procedure Law Amendments implied the reasons why the civil retrial empowerment amendment has not been reasonable implemented were the retrial court hierarchy obstacle after the amendment promotion of the retrial level. The civil retrial filing standard was weighted due to the unstable informal relationship between the internal departments, and the KPI of cases completion not only encouraged that the retail court employed final appeal court to negotiate case during filing period, but also induced some illegal bargains by profit-making retrial application, and weakened the goal for correcting wrong cases in retrial. The first improved approach is to solidify the formal filing standard to avoid the informal relations in filing departments interfering statutory standard. In order to strengthen the depersonalized simultaneous retrial judgment for unification of the application of law, professional judge teams with AI assistant judgment system should replace the assessment index of case closing. To eliminate pre-retrial settlement by final appeal, retrial sustained review procedure should be ante-displaced from trail period while mediation carried on after case filing.

关 键 词：民事再审 上提审级 计量法学 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]