基于遥感影像的丹霞山国家级自然保护区森林景观格局分析  

Analysis on forest landscape pattern in Danxia Mountain National Nature Reserve based on remote sensing images

作　　者：胡晓杰 陈灼康 莫罗坚 严朝东 王卫[3] 罗晓莹[1] HU Xiaojie;CHEN Zhuokang;MO Luojian;YAN Chaodong;WANG Wei;LUO Xiaoying(School of Tourism and Geography,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China;Dongguan Institute of Forestry Science,Dongguan 523106,China;Henry Fork School of Biology and Agriculture,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院旅游与地理学院,韶关512005 [2]东莞市林业科学研究所,东莞523106 [3]韶关学院英东生物与农业学院,韶关512005

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第2期155-163,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2016A030307046);东莞市科技计划项目(2019507101510);韶关市科技计划项目(200714224530959,200812134531998)。

摘　　要：森林景观格局分析是景观格局优化、森林资源的可持续性经营与保护的重要基础。以无人机遥感影像和DEM为基础数据,利用ArcGIS和Fragstats软件对所选取的不同景观指数进行计算,分析了丹霞山森林景观的类型、格局特征及其地形分异规律。结果表明:1)从类型水平指数来看,丹霞山森林景观类型以天然林为主,占总面积的78.42%,表现出较高的集中连片性;2)从景观水平指数来看,丹霞山景观多样性和均匀度指数均较低,而蔓延度指数和连通度指数则较高,分别为77.85和99.97,表明景观以少数大面积的斑块为主,斑块间连接密切,自然连通度高;3)从功能分区景观格局和地形分异规律来看,与人类活动密切相关的农田、人工林、裸地、居民地、人工水体和自然水体六类森林景观主要集中分布于海拔较低(60—150 m)、坡度平缓(0—5°)、无坡向的实验区内;灌木、草地、天然林和裸岩四类森林景观则较均衡的分布于海拔60—350 m的各级坡度和坡向的核心区和缓冲区内。综上所述,丹霞山森林景观保持完好,破碎化程度较低,人为活动干扰较少,斑块之间物质、能量和物种交换的潜力较大。应建立无人机遥感监测系统,长期、准确的跟踪森林景观格局的动态变化,为维持丹霞山森林景观的稳定性打下坚实的基础。Forest landscape pattern analysis is an important foundation for landscape pattern optimization,sustainable management and protection of forest resources.Based on the UAV remote sensing images and DEM data,the study calculated the selected different landscape indexes by using ArcGIS and Fragstats software,and analyzed the forest landscape types,pattern characteristics and their topographic differentiation rules of Danxia Mountain.The results are as follows.1)From the perspective of class-level indexes,the natural forest is the dominant type of forest landscape in Danxia Mountain,accounting for 78.42%of the total area,showing high concentration and continuity.2)From the perspective of landscape-level indexes,the SHDI and SHEI index of Danxia Mountain are low,while the CONTAG and COHESION index are relatively high,which are 77.85 and 99.97,respectively,indicating that the landscape is dominated by a few large patches with close connection and high natural connectivity.3)From the perspective of functional zoning landscape pattern and topographic differentiation,the six types of forest landscape closely related to human activities,such as farmland,plantation,bare land,residential area,artificial water body and natural water body are mainly distributed in the experimental area with low elevation(60-150 m),gentle slope(0-5°)and no aspect.The other four types of forest landscape,including shrub,grassland,natural forests and bare rock,are more evenly distributed in the core and buffer areas with various slopes and aspects at an elevation of 60-350 m.In summary,the forest landscape of Danxia Mountain is well preserved,with low fragmentation,less anthropogenic disturbance,and high potential for material,energy and species exchange between patches.An unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring system should be established to track the dynamic changes of forest landscape pattern in a long-term and accurate way,so as to lay a solid foundation for maintaining the stability of forest landscape in Danxia Mountain.

关 键 词：森林景观格局 地形分异 无人机 FRAGSTATS 丹霞山 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]