上海市虹口区中小学生营养状况及其与饮食和运动行为的关系  

Association between nutritional status and dietary and exercise behavior of primary and middle school students in Hongkou District,Shanghai

作　　者：亓德云[1] 李丽平 江艳微[1] 周媛 QI Deyun;LI Liping;JIANG Yanwei;ZHOU Yuan(Shanghai Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200082,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市虹口区疾病预防控制中心,中国上海200082

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2023年第1期60-64,共5页Journal of Bio-education

摘　　要：目的了解上海市虹口区中小学生营养状况及其与饮食和运动行为的关系。方法从2019年全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测项目中调取上海市虹口区学生体格测量和问卷调查数据,对学生的营养状况及其可能的影响因素进行分析。结果虹口区7所学校共1884名4~12年级的中小学生参与调查,营养不良、超重、肥胖的检出率分别为7.6%、18.1%和14.8%。单因素分析结果显示:不同性别学生的营养状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),男生营养不良、超重和肥胖的检出率(8.7%、20.2%和19.8%)均高于女生(6.4%、15.9%和9.4%);不同学段和不同运动频率学生的营养状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同甜食摄入频次学生的营养状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男生营养不良、超重、肥胖的发生风险相对较高,不吃甜食者超重的发生风险较高。结论虹口区中小学生营养不足和营养过剩情况同时存在,且以男生为明显,提示在开展干预时应重点关注男生。采取学校、家庭、社区等多环节相结合的干预措施,共同促进儿童青少年健康生活方式形成。Objective To investigate the association between the nutrition status and dietary and exercise behaviors of primary and middle school students in Hongkou District,Shanghai.Methods The physical measurement and questionnaire data of students in Hongkou District of Shanghai were collected from the National Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Project in 2019.The nutritional status of the students and its possible influencing factors were analyzed.Results A total of 1884 primary and middle school students in grades 4-12 from 7 schools in Hongkou District participated in the survey.The rates of malnutrition,overweight,and obesity were 7.6%,18.1%,and 14.8%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in nutritional status of students of different genders(P<0.001);the rates of malnutrition,overweight,and obesity in boys(8.7%,20.2%,and 19.8%)were higher than those in girls(6.4%,15.9%,and 9.4%);there was no significant difference in nutritional status between students among different grades and exercise frequency(P>0.05);there was significant difference in nutritional status of students with different frequency of sweet food intake(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that boys had a relatively higher risk of malnutrition,overweight,and obesity,and those who did not eat sweets had a higher risk of overweight.Conclusion Both malnutrition and overnutrition exist in primary and middle school students in Hongkou District,especially in boys,It is suggested that male students need more attention during the intervention.It is necessary to carry out multi-environment interventions such as school,family,and community,and to promote the healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents.

关 键 词：营养状况 饮食运动行为 中小学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]