镉胁迫下不同土壤类型对马铃薯生长及镉富集转运特性的影响  

Effects of Soil Types on Potato Growth and Cadmium Accumulation and Transport Characteristics under Cadmium Stress

作　　者：何雪 陆引罡[1] 张洁[1] 刘克 HEXue;LU Yingang;ZHANG Jie;LIU Ke(College of Agriculture Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《地球与环境》2023年第1期87-101,共15页Earth and Environment

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2019]1103号、黔科合后补助[2020]30011);国家自然科学基金项目(21866008)。

摘　　要：马铃薯是我国重要粮食兼经济作物,同时也是贵州省旱地主栽作物之一。为了解镉胁迫下,不同土壤类型对马铃薯生长及镉富集转运的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,设计不同浓度镉处理,研究贵州省7个地区不同土壤类型对马铃薯生长、生理及镉富集转运特性。结果显示:不同土壤类型中雷山棕壤上种植的马铃薯生长状况较好,且总体表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的规律(块茎质量在盘州黄棕壤和贵阳石灰土上的表现除外);不同土壤类型中叶绿素含量(SPAD)最高值体现在沿河水稻土上,且随着镉胁迫的增加呈先增后降的趋势(贵阳石灰土及茅台钙质紫色土呈持续升高趋势),各土壤类型下马铃薯淀粉含量大小并无一致规律;马铃薯各部位镉含量表现为根>茎>叶>块茎,罗甸红壤上各部位镉含量及富集系数较高,纳雍黄壤其次,盘州黄棕壤上根、茎、叶镉含量及富集系数较低,茅台钙质紫色土上块茎镉含量及富集系数最低;pH是影响块茎富集镉的主要土壤因子,呈极显著负相关;不同土壤类型下马铃薯各部位镉转运系数均表现为TF根-茎>TF根-叶>TF根-块茎,但不同土壤之间TF值差异不大,影响TF根-块茎的主要土壤因素是有机质,呈现极显著性正相关。综合而言,镉胁迫下土壤pH与块茎镉的富集能力呈显著负相关,农业种植中可避开选择pH较低的土壤进行种植,根、茎、叶对镉的富集转运明显大于块茎。Potato is an important food and cash crop in China, and it is also one of the main crops grown in dry land in Guizhou Province. In order to understand the effects of different soil types on potato growth and cadmium accumulation and transport under cadmium stress, pot experiment represent 7 regions of Guizhou Province with various cadmium concentrations was used to study the effects of different soil types on potato growth, physiology and cadmium transport characteristics. The results showed that the growth status of potatoes planted on Leishan brown soil was better than other soil types, and potato plant height, stem thickness, and tuber quality all increased first and then decreased with the increase of exogenous cadmium concentration. The highest value of SPAD is reflected in the paddy soil in Yanhe county, and it first increases and then decreases with the increase of cadmium stress, while, Guiyang lime soil and Maotai calcareous purple soil show a continuous increase trend. The starch content of potato under different soil types has no consistent pattern;the cadmium accumulation of each part of potato is following the order of root>stem>leaf>tubes. The cadmium content and enrichment coefficient of each part of potato decreased in Luodian(red soil), Nayong(yellow soil), Panzhou(yellow brown soil), and Moutai(calcareous purple soil). pH is the main soil factor affecting the accumulation of cadmium in tubers, showing a very significant negative correlation;the cadmium transport coefficients are decreased in the order of TFroot-stem>TFroot-leaf>TFroot-tuber for all soils, with little difference in TF values between different soils. The main factor affecting TFroot-tuber is the soil organic matter, which shows a very significant positive correlation with TFroot-tuber. In summary, under cadmium stress, soil pH is significantly negatively correlated with the cadmium accumulation capacity of tubers. In agricultural planting, it is possible to avoid choosing soils with lower pH for planting potato. Roots, stems, and

关 键 词：马铃薯 土壤类型 富集系数 转运系数 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]