苜蓿干草、燕麦干草及二者混合饲喂对哺乳期牦牛犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数、组织形态和微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Alfalfa Hay,Oat Hay and Their Mixed Feeding on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Morphology and Microflora of Suckling Yak Calves

作　　者：周亚楠 冯宇哲[1] 杨得玉 刘书杰[1] 崔占鸿[1] ZHOU Yanan;FENG Yuzhe;YANG Deyu;LIU Shujie;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghing Province,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai University College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第2期995-1007,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究苜蓿干草、燕麦干草及二者混合饲喂对哺乳期牦牛犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数、组织形态和微生物区系的影响。选取21只体重[(36.47±0.99)kg]相近、健康的45日龄牦牛公犊牛,采用随机区组设计分为3组,每组7头牛。各组在代乳粉和开食料的基础上饲喂粗饲料,苜蓿干草组(AH组)饲喂苜蓿干草,燕麦干草组(OH组)饲喂燕麦干草,苜蓿干草+燕麦干草组(AO组)饲喂苜蓿干草+燕麦干草(苜蓿草干∶燕麦干草=1∶1),3组的粗精比均7∶3(粗饲料∶开食料)。预试期21 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)AO组的终末体重、瘤胃重显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),AH组和OH组的料重比显著高于AO组(P<0.05)。2)AO组和AH组的血清白蛋白含量显著高于OH组(P<0.05),AO组的血清肌酐含量显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05)。3)AO组的瘤胃乙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量和乙酸/丙酸极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01),AO组的瘤胃氨态氮含量显著高于OH组(P<0.05)。4)AO组的瘤胃肌层厚度、黏膜上皮厚度、黏膜下层厚度、乳头高度、乳头宽度和浆膜层厚度显著或极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。5)在门水平上,AO组和OH组的瘤胃拟杆菌门、光古菌门相对丰度显著高于AH组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,AO组和OH组的瘤胃欧鲁森氏菌属相对丰度显著高于AH组(P<0.05),AO组的瘤胃普雷沃氏菌属、克里斯滕森菌科R-7群、甲烷短杆菌属和普雷沃氏菌科-UCG-001相对丰度显著或极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05或P<0.01),AH组和OH组的瘤胃梭菌属UCG-014相对丰度显著高于AO组(P<0.05)。综上所述,采用饲喂代乳粉方式培育哺乳期牦牛犊牛,在开食料的基础上同时饲喂苜蓿干草和燕麦干草提高了牦牛犊牛体重,改变了瘤胃微生物菌群多样性及相对丰度,正向调控了瘤胃形态和功能的发育,为青藏高原地区牦牛犊牛在粗饲料组合饲粮的应用提供了重要The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of alfalfa hay,oat hay and their mixed feeding on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation parameters,morphology and microflora of suckling yak calves.Twenty-one healthy 45-day-old yak calves(male)with similar body weight[(36.47±0.99)kg]were randomly assigned into three groups with seven calves per group according a random block design.On the basis of milk replacer and starter,each group was fed with roughages,alfalfa hay group(AH group)was fed with alfalfa hay,oat hay group(OH group)was fed with oat hay,and alfalfa hay+oat hay group(AO group)was fed with alfalfa hay+oat hay(alfalfa hay∶oat hay=1∶1).The ratio of roughage to concentrate was 7∶3(roughage∶starter).The pre-experimental period lasted for 21 days,and the experimental period lasted for 120 days.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight and rumen weight of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH group and OH groups(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ration of AH group and OH group was significantly higher than that of AO group(P<0.05).2)The serum albumin content of AO group and AH group was significantly higher than that of OH group(P<0.05),and the serum creatinine content of AO group was significantly higher than that of AH group and OH group(P<0.05).3)The contents of acetic acid,butyric acid,total volatile fatty acid and acetic acid/propionic acid in rumen of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH group and OH group(P<0.01),and the rumen ammonia nitrogen content of AO group was significantly higher than that of OH group(P<0.05).4)The muscle layer thickness,mucosal epithelium thickness,submucous layer thickness,papillary height,papillary width and plasma membrane thickness in rumen of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH group and OH group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).5)At phylum level,the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Euryarchaeota in rumen of AO group and OH group were significantly higher than those of AH group(P<

关 键 词：苜蓿干草 燕麦干草 牦牛犊牛 生长性能 血清生化指标 瘤胃微生物区系 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]