2022年长江流域旱情遥感监测  

Remote sensing monitoring of drought in the Yangtze River basin in 2022

作　　者：陈龙 宋文龙[1,2] 杨永民 李小涛[1,2] 辛景峰 林胜杰[1,2] 许佳欣 CHEN Long;SONG Wenlong;YANG Yongmin;LI Xiaotao;XIN Jingfeng;LIN Shengjie;XU Jiaxin(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Remote Sensing Technology Application Center,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038;Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部遥感技术应用中心,北京100038 [3]太原理工大学,太原030024

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2023年第2期26-30,共5页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目(42142029)。

摘　　要：2022年7月以来,长江流域持续高温少雨,江河来水偏少、水位持续走低,中小型水库蓄水不足,多地土壤缺墒。遥感技术能够高效、大范围对旱情进行监测评估。针对长江流域四川、重庆、云南、贵州、陕西、湖北、湖南、江西、江苏地区旱情,基于多源卫星遥感数据及中国气象局数据,通过GEE(Google Earth Engine)遥感云计算平台,利用降水距平指数、标准化降水指数、遥感旱情指数、遥感土壤水分、水体面积变化等数据对长江中下游地区旱情进行动态监测分析。分析结果表明,2022年长江旱情影响范围广,持续时间长,降水量与土壤含水量均比往年平均值低30%以上,且旱情从长江上游快速蔓延至长江中下游。旱情导致长江流域来水剧减,其中鄱阳湖、洞庭湖在6—8月期间水体面积缩减40%以上。基于此次旱情,长江流域仍需推动水利工程建设,优化水资源调度,从而提高应对此类高强度、长时间的旱情的能力。Since July 2022, the Yangtze River basin has continued to have high temperature and little rain, less water from rivers, low water levels, insufficient water storage in small and medium-sized reservoirs, and soil moisture shortage in many places. Remote sensing technology can monitor and assess drought efficiently and on a wide scale. For the drought in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces(Municipality) in the Yangtze River basin, based on the multi-source satellite remote sensing data and the data of the National Meteorological Administration, and through the GEE(Google Earth Engine) remote sensing cloud computing platform, the drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was dynamically monitored and analyzed by using the data of precipitation anomaly index, standardized precipitation index, remote sensing drought index, remote sensing soil moisture, and water body changes. The results showed that the drought in the Yangtze River basin in 2022 had a wide impact and long duration,and the precipitation and soil moisture content were more than 30% lower than the average of previous years, and the drought spread rapidly from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The drought has led to a sharp decrease in water supply in the Yangtze River basin, with the water body of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake shrinking by more than 40% between June and August. Based on the drought, the Yangtze River basin still needs to promote the construction of water projects and optimize the dispatching of water resources, so as to improve the ability to cope with such high-intensity and long-term droughts.

关 键 词：旱情监测 遥感 长江流域 GEE(Google Earth Engine) 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]