《悠悠岁月》:埃尔诺记忆与法兰西纪事  

Les années:Annie Ernaux’s Memory and the History of France

作　　者：杨维春[1] 何瑜 YANG Weichun;HE Yu

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学外国语学院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2023年第2期78-88,共11页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目“莫迪亚诺战争小说的记忆和创伤研究”(18A061)。

摘　　要：2022年诺贝尔文学奖得主安妮·埃尔诺的《悠悠岁月》小说以14张照片为引,呈现了1941年至2006年之间作者的个人自传记忆和法国的历史记忆。通过对战后60多年自身生活经历的“小历史”和战争、选举等“大历史”的回忆,埃尔诺实现了记录历史和自我认同的目的。“照片”是小说实现视觉怀旧和叙事目的的重要载体。本文从哈布瓦赫、康纳顿等人的记忆理论切入,通过构建埃尔诺个人“交往记忆”中的过去与当下,探讨其由阶级转化产生的与父辈间的文化断裂与身份焦虑。埃尔诺对不同时期战争记忆的描绘,让读者见证了法国社会阶段性的思想突变及由此导致的集体遗忘。个人记忆与集体记忆的相互交融绘制出埃尔诺心中“个人化的集体肖像”,这是作者实现阶层跨越和身处时代焦虑中实现身份认同的特殊途径。同时,对于历史事件的回忆书写也是其“介入”社会的延续,以此来对抗集体的遗忘,从中体现了作家应尽社会责任与人文主义关怀。小说的无人称自传、图像叙事等既继承了法国文学的优良传统,也体现了埃尔诺这一代法国作家对文学发展的创新与突破。Les Années, an autofiction written by Annie Ernaux, the 2022 Nobel laureate in Literature, chronicles both personal memory and collective history of France spanning from 1941 to 2006. The book, which begins with a description of the fourteen photos, recalls the “history”(her own life) and the “History”(e.g., wars and elections) over the six decades after the Second World War, documenting the past and a quest for self-identity. In the book, the photos serve as a critical vehicle for visual nostalgia and narrative purposes. This paper adopting the memory theories raised by Maurice Halbwachs and Paul Connerton dissects the past and the present in Ernaux’s “communicative memory” to explore the cultural discontinuities with the previous generation and the “status anxiety” caused by class disparity. The author, in her depiction of war memories in the different historical phases, lays bare the shifts in prevailing social thought and the consequent collective oblivion. By combining both personal memory and collective memory, she paints a “auto-socio-portrait” and finds a special path to seek identity for those who are going through upward mobility and an identity crisis. Meanwhile, her account of historical events is a fight against the collective oblivion and her further engagement with the society, which mirrors her humanist concern and sense of social responsibility. Image narration in Les Années is Ernaux’s salute to the fine tradition of French literature, and autobiography told in third person an innovative breakthrough accomplished by her generation of French writers.

关 键 词：安妮·埃尔诺 《悠悠岁月》 自传记忆 历史记忆 照片 

分 类 号：I054[文学—文学理论]