食物口服免疫耐受中调节性T细胞及其影响因素研究进展  

Research progress on regulatory T cell and its related factors in food oral immune tolerance

作　　者：夏娴 李艺 黎江东 麻小娟 XIA Xian;LI Yi;LI Jiangdong;MA Xiaojuan(School of Public Health,Zunyi Medical University,Guizhou Zunyi 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学公共卫生学院,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2022年第6期1355-1360,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660443);贵州省科技厅项目(黔科合基础[2019]1348号);遵义医科大学优秀青年人才项目(18zy-009);贵州省卫健委项目(D-488)。

摘　　要：食物过敏反应大致可分为致敏、激发和效应三个阶段。在致敏阶段,食品中的过敏原透过肠道黏膜免疫屏障,经抗原递呈细胞处理、T细胞活化等步骤,诱导机体产生特异性IgE并结合于肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞表面;在激发和效应阶段,过敏原与IgE发生桥联反应,介导组胺、白三烯等免疫介质释放,它们与效应器官上的相应受体结合,会引起局部或全身过敏反应。食物过敏发生的根本原因是部分个体对特定过敏原口服免疫耐受的破坏,而诱导建立和重建口服免疫耐受是应对食物过敏较有前景的方法,或可突破该病目前尚无有效治愈方法的瓶颈。本文就口服免疫耐受建立和重建中起核心作用的调节性T细胞以及其密切相关因素如树突状细胞、调节性B细胞、肠道菌群及其代谢产物进行综述,以期为食物过敏的防治工作提供帮助。The induction of food allergy can be roughly divided into three stages:the sensitization,elicitation and effect stage.In the sensitization stage,the allergens in food pass through the intestinal mucosal immune barrier,undergo antigenpresenting cell processing,T cell activation and other steps,and then induce the IgE production and binding on the surface of mast cells and basophils.In the elicitation and effect stage,food allergens react with the bond IgE on mast cells and basophils,causing them to release the immune mediators such as amines and leukotrienes.The mediators bind with corresponding receptors on the effector organs and trigger allergic reactions in the body.The basic cause of food allergy is the destruction of oral immune tolerance to specific allergens in some individuals.Inducing the establishment and rebuilding of oral immune tolerance is a promising way to deal with food allergy.Or it can break through the bottleneck that there is currently no effective cure for this disease.To provide help for the prevention and treatment of food allergy,the regulatory T cells that play a central role in the establishment and rebuilding of oral immune tolerance,and their closely related factors such as dendritic cells,regulatory B cells,intestinal flora and its metabolites,are reviewed.

关 键 词：调节性T细胞 调节性B细胞 免疫耐受 食物过敏 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]