肿瘤源性外泌体对巨噬细胞极化的调控作用的研究进展  

Progress in the regulatory effects of tumor-derived exosomes on macrophage polarization

作　　者：李晨曦[1,2] 龚忠诚 郑佞波[3] Li Chenxi;Gong Zhongcheng;Zheng Ningbo(Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University(School/Hospital of Stomatology),Urumqi 830054,China;Stomatological Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830054,China;Comprehensive Cancer Center,Wake Forest Baptist Health Department of Microbiology&Immunology,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem,NC 27101,USA)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第一附属医院(附属口腔医院)口腔颌面肿瘤外科,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区口腔医学研究所,乌鲁木齐830054 [3]Comprehensive Cancer Center,Wake Forest Baptist Health Department of Microbiology&Immunology,Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem,NC 27101,USA

出　　处：《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2023年第1期76-83,共8页Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82160189);陕西省牙颌疾病临床医学研究中心开放课题(2020YHJB01);新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队(2021D14001);口腔颌面发育与再生湖北省重点实验室(2022kqhm008)。

摘　　要：单核巨噬细胞是一种功能多样、对不同的微环境信号应答表现出不同反应的集群。根据受到的不同刺激,巨噬细胞可极化为经典活化型(M1)及替代活化型(M2),是巨噬细胞功能表现的两个极端。核因子-κB、环氧合酶2、乏氧状态、原癌基因MYC、Toll样受体信号通路、Notch信号通路及细胞因子等密切参与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞发生M1-M2型别的转化。其中浸润在肿瘤组织中的巨噬细胞,会受肿瘤产生的细胞因子的影响而表现出M2表型,这些极化的巨噬细胞在促进肿瘤的发生与进展和破坏适应性免疫应答方面作用显著。肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体具有肿瘤细胞本身的特性,可参与多种肿瘤发生、发展的多个过程。本文综述了来源于多种癌细胞的外泌体,详细讨论了在肿瘤免疫微环境中,肿瘤源性外泌体的内容物在调节巨噬细胞极化行为中的作用及其涉及的信号机制。Mononuclear macrophages are versatile cells that can have different responses to various microenvironmental signals.Under different stimuli of circumstances,macrophages can be fully polarized into classically activated macrophages(M1)and alternatively activated macrophages(M2),which are the extremes of a continuum of functional states.Nuclear factor-κB,cyclooxygenase 2,anoxia status,proto-oncogene MYC,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,Notch signaling pathway and cytokines are all closely involved in the transition of tumor-associated macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype.Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are driven by tumor-derived cytokines to acquire a polarized M2 phenotype.These functionally polarized cells play a key role in the subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor development and progression.Exosomes derived from tumors have the characteristics of tumor cells and could participate in multiple processes of tumorigenesis and development.This review focused on exosomes derived from various cancer cells and discussed the role of the payloads of tumor-derived exosomes in modulating macrophage polarization in the tumor immune microenvironment and the intracellular signal mechanisms involved.

关 键 词：肿瘤 外泌体 炎症反应 M1/M2型巨噬细胞 

分 类 号：R730.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]