“弹性”跷跷板:乡村女工的双重劳动与扶贫车间的可持续发展  

The Seesaw Effect of Rural Women’s Double Burden and the Sustainability of Factories for Alleviating Poverty

作　　者：郝龙 HAO Long(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2023年第1期31-44,共14页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“欠发达地区乡村产业发展中的女性赋权及其社会影响研究”(项目编号:21CSH086)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：扶贫车间女工的就近就地就业使她们拥有了兼顾雇佣生产劳动和家庭再生产劳动的机会,但两种劳动间仍呈现出明显的不对称特征。对陕西林县女工以及两家扶贫车间的调查显示,乡村女工普遍选择以“家庭本位”逻辑来应对双重劳动中的时间挤压问题,并由此具有高劳动弹性诉求。然而,并非所有扶贫车间都能够有效回应这一诉求。对一部分嵌入在全球化产业链中的扶贫车间而言,高劳动弹性更多是国家政策、企业责任与熟人乡土三重保护以及女工家本位逻辑倒逼的结果。弹性劳动管理也因此产生了一种“跷跷板效应”,使扶贫车间在作为政策载体的就业保护与作为市场主体的可持续发展之间顾此失彼。未来,如何通过再生产支持体系的结构优化来缓和乡村女工双重劳动的时间冲突,已成为破解弹性劳动管理的“跷跷板”难题和强化扶贫车间可持续发展能力亟待解决的问题。The local employment of female workers in factories for alleviating poverty gives them opportunities to balance productive and reproductive labor,although obvious asymmetry still exists.A survey of women workers in two poverty-alleviation-workshops(PAW)in Lin County(Shaanxi Province)shows that rural female workers generally adopt a family-oriented strategy to respond to the time squeeze due to double burden.They prefer flexible work.However,not all PAWs can effectively respond to this demand.For some of the workshops embedded in globalized industrial chains,high labor elasticity is more a passive result of workers’family-oriented strategy and the triple external protection(namely,national policy,corporate responsibility,and relationships in rural community).Flexible labor management has thus produced a seesaw effect,making PAWs lose the balance between employment protection as a policy tool and sustainable development as a market entity.Therefore,the structural optimization of reproduction support system to alleviate the time conflict among rural female workers’dual labor has become a key to resolve the seesaw difficulty of flexible labor management and strengthen the sustainability of PAWs.

关 键 词：乡村女工 扶贫车间 家庭本位 劳动管理 跷跷板效应 可持续发展 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]