文人与文学:汉唐时期的文学阐释与文人的自我理解  

Literati and Literature:Literary Interpretation and Self-Understanding of Literati in the Han and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：郑伟[1] ZHENG Wei

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,太原030006

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第1期149-158,238,共11页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA264);国家社会科学基金项目(17BZW001)。

摘　　要：汉魏至唐代,古代文人群体的崛起伴随着身份上的焦虑,文人的自我概念也处在不断调整之中。从东汉王充首倡“著作者”的文人观念,到魏晋六朝通过建构审美自律和文人趣味的方式来确立文人的身份认同,再到初唐官方经学给出文人士大夫处在社会结构中的位置与角色,这是一个完整的过程。在这个过程中,文人的自我概念与他们的文学理解之间构成了相互选择、相互建构的关系,在很大程度上奠定了中国古代文人的一般心理结构,由此也给出了后世学者思考文学问题的基本框架。虽说古代文人从来都追求个体心灵的完满自足,甚至陷溺于审美主义、道德境界和知识趣味的受用之中不能自拔,但是从大历史观的视野来看,文人士大夫的心理诉求在经历了充分个体化的实现之后,最终还是要面向社会政治落实其存在基础。汉唐时期文人身份的自我调整所体现的就是这种发展趋向,在古代思想文化史上具有普遍意义。From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty,the ancient literati groups had identity anxiety during their birth,and their concept of identity was in the process of constant adjustment.Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty advocated the concept of "writer".The literati of the Six Dynasties established their identity by building aesthetic self-discipline and literary interest.The Confucian classics of the Tang Dynasty gave the position and role of literary mass in the social structure.This is a complete process.In this process,the relationship between the self-concept of the literati and their literary understanding constitutes a mutual choice and mutual construction.It laid down the psychological structure of ancient Chinese literati,and also provided a basic framework for later scholars to think about literary issues.The ancient literati generally pursued the perfection and self-sufficiency of the individual mind,but from the perspective of the grand view of history,they ultimately had to settle their own existence in the face of social politics.The self-adjustment of literati’s identity in the Han and Tang Dynasties reflects this trend of development,which is of universal significance in the history of ancient ideology and culture.

关 键 词：文人 著作者 士大夫 身份认同 《毛诗正义》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K23[历史地理—历史学]