澄迈冬季蔬菜种植区地表水体中新烟碱类杀虫剂的分布特征、影响因素及其生态风险评估  

Distribution,Interfering Factors and Ecological Risks of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Surface Water of Winter Vegetable Planting Area from Chengmai,China

作　　者：谭华东 王传咪 吴秋敏 崔艳梅[1,2] 武春媛 Tan Huadong;Wang Chuanmi;Wu Qiumin;Cui Yanmei;Wu Chunyuan(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Danzhou 571737,China;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;College of Resources&Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口571101 [2]国家农业环境儋州观测实验站,儋州571737 [3]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228 [4]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第6期345-356,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107501);海南省自然科学基金资助项目(420QN316);中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所自由选题专项(hzsjy2021001)。

摘　　要：在我国热带区冬季蔬菜种植过程中,新烟碱类杀虫剂(neonicotinoid insecticides,NNIs)持续输入周围水体中,但其污染特征及生态风险尚不清楚。为此,以我国热带典型冬季蔬菜种植区——海南澄迈县为研究区域,采集冬季蔬菜种植期周围28个地表水样,利用分散固相萃取结合超高液相色谱串联质谱(QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS)测定水体中5种NNIs残留水平,包括啶虫脒(acetamiprid,ACE)、噻虫胺(clothianidin,CLO)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid,THA)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid,IMI)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam,THM),识别NNIs残留关键影响因素,并应用物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)法评估其水生生态风险。结果表明,地表水体中NNIs总浓度范围为0.30~14.70μg·L^(-1),IMI、ACE是主要的NNIs残留种类,浓度占比高达88.4%,检出率高达100%;NNIs分布具有显著的空间特征,总体呈现中部地区残留浓度最高,东北、西南区域次之,西北区域污染水平最低。冗余分析揭示,水体中总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、氮磷营养元素与NNIs残留呈现正相关,同时也受种植蔬菜种类的影响。生态风险评估结果显示,所有水样NNIs超过急性和慢性SSD阈值5%危害质量浓度(hazardous concentration for 5%of the species,HC_(5)),表明NNIs对该区域地表水体具有不可接受的风险,因此需要关注NNIs对该区域水体水生生物的影响。Neonicotinoid insecticides(NNIs)have been continuously applied to winter vegetable planting areas in tropical China for decades.However,the occurrence,distribution,and driving factors of NNIs in surface water from agricultural areas in Hainan,tropical China,as well as their corresponding ecological risks,remain unclear.For this purpose,28 runoff water samples were collected from the winter vegetable planting region of Chengmai County,Hainan Province,China.The concentrations of five NNIs,namely,acetamiprid(ACE),clothianidin,thiacloprid,imidacloprid(IMI),and thiamethoxam,in surface water were detected by solid-phase extraction based on hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced polymer adsorbent coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The ecological risks of IMI and ACE were also assessed using the species sensitivity distribution(SSD)methods.Results showed that the total concentration of NNIs in surface water ranged from 0.30 to 14.70μg·L^(-1),and also that IMI and ACE are the main species of NNIs with a contribution of 88.4%and detection frequency of 100%.The significant spatial distributions of NNIs in surface water were observed with the highest levels in the central region,followed by the northeast and southwest regions,and lowest levels in the northwest and southwest regions of Chengmai County.Redundancy analysis showed that total organic carbon and nitrogen or phosphorus nutrients in surface water highly affected the distribution of NNIs in surface water,and they were also related to crop types.Risk assessment showed that 100%of surface water exceed the acute and chronic SSD threshold of hazardous concentration for 5%of the species(HC_(5))of NNIs,indicating that NNIs posed an unacceptable risk to surface water in this area,especially for aquatic invertebrates such as Cloeon sp.and Ceriodaphnia dubia.

关 键 词：新烟碱类杀虫剂 地表水 生态风险 残留特征 热带区 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]