知识管理、产品创新度与绩效的中美比较  

A comparative study of knowledge management,product innovativeness and firm performance between China and the United States

作　　者：张晓棠[1] 张海丽[1] Michael Song Zhang Xiaotang;Zhang Haili;Michael Song(School of Economics and Management,Xi′an Technological University,Xi′an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《科研管理》2023年第2期89-97,共9页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:“数字化产品创新过程视角下新兴技术能力对创新绩效作用机制的跨国研究”(72002162,2021.01—2023.12)。

摘　　要：知识管理可提高企业绩效,但其间的转化机理有待深入探究。从过程视角,将知识管理分为知识产生、扩散与应用;依据SPP范式,以产品创新度为中介,分析并跨国检验知识管理对企业绩效的影响机理及影响程度。收集647家中国及354家美国企业数据,经层次回归分析发现:知识管理与企业绩效正相关且产品创新度在其间起中介作用。但中美企业存在差异:(1)在中国,知识应用与扩散对提高企业绩效更重要;在美国,则知识产生与扩散更重要。(2)在中国,产品创新度仅在知识扩散/知识应用与企业绩效间起部分中介作用;在美国,产品创新度还在知识产生与企业绩效间起完全中介作用。(3)在中国,知识应用对提升产品创新度最重要,其次是知识扩散;在美国,则知识扩散最重要,其次是知识应用,最后是知识产生。Relevant studies suggest that knowledge management enhances firm performance.Yet further studies are needed to examine the intermediate mechanisms that mediate the relationship between knowledge management and firm performance for three reasons.First,although many studies have shown that there is a positive relationship between knowledge management and firm performance and that product innovativeness increases firm performance.Few studies have examined how product innovativeness mediate the relationship between knowledge management and firm performance.Second,most published studies have only examined how a specific dimension of knowledge management affects product innovativeness or firm performance.Few studies have explicitly examined the effect of all three dimensions and the relative effects of the three dimensions of knowledge management.Third,few cross-national studies exist.Using the theoretical lens of Source-Positional Advantage-Performance(SPP),this study develops a theoretical model for investigating how product innovativeness mediates the relationship between each dimension of the three knowledge management and firm performance.The model is tested using data collected in China and the United States.In our proposed model,knowledge management is divided into knowledge generation,knowledge dissemination,and knowledge application based on knowledge management process.This study performed hierarchical regression analyses to test the theoretical model and research hypotheses.The study was designed to explicitly avoid the common method bias and improve ability to draw causal relationships.We first collected the data on knowledge management,followed with collection of the data on product innovativeness one year later,and collected three years of firm performance data.This study reported the merged data which include complete data from 647 Chinese and 354 U.S.firms.The findings indicate that knowledge management enhances firm performance via product innovativeness as a mediator in China and in the United States.

关 键 词：知识管理 知识产生 知识扩散 知识应用 产品创新度 企业绩效 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]