黔北民族地区生物多样性相关传统知识研究及评估  

Research and Assessment of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity in Qianbei Ethnic Areas

作　　者：刘春晖[1] 杨京彪[1] 朴金丽 韩龙植[2] 薛达元[1] 刘颖[1] LIU Chunhui;YANG Jingbiao;PIAO Jinli;HAN Longzhi;XUE Dayuan;LIU Ying(College of Life and Environmental sciences,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期16-26,共11页Journal of Minzu University of China(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21177163);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171669);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：生物多样性相关传统知识是少数民族在千百年来的生产生活实践中创造的知识体系,是中华民族五千年文明对于现代社会的馈赠。传统知识的评估和保护,将有利于生物多样性的保护与可持续利用,有利于人类文明的传承。基于民族生态学视角,结合生态学、民族学和人类学等多学科理论与研究方法,对黔北民族地区生物多样性相关传统知识进行研究及评估。结果表明,现有代表性的黔北民族地区生物多样性相关传统知识词条共调查编目220条,种类齐全、内涵丰富,其中传统医药知识最为丰富;通过评估,62.7%的传统知识历史悠久,与少数民族协同发展、活态传承,仅有7.3%的传统知识呈狭域分布,16.4%的传统知识相关遗传资源因受到严重威胁而呈濒危状态,还有39.1%的传统知识目前无任何保护和传承措施;通过构建传统知识价值评估模型,计算出黔北地区生物多样性相关传统知识的综合评价值介于0.34~0.91之间,66.3%的传统知识属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ等级,急需或需要保护。本研究将传统知识的理论分析和现象描述转变为量化评估,以期对传统知识在生态资源管理和生物多样性保护的应用方面起到实际推动作用。Traditional knowledge(TK)associated with biodiversity is a knowledge system created by ethnic minorities in their thousands of years of production and living practices,and it is the gift of Chinese civilization for the modern society.Assessment and protection of TK leads to the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity and the inheritance of human civilization.Based on an ethnoecology perspective,combined with ecology,ethnology,anthropology and other multi-disciplinary theories and research methods,the TK associated with biodiversity of Qianbei ethnic areas were studied and assessed.The results are as follows:220 items of TK associated with biodiversity have been documented,they are completely variety,which presents complete variety and rich connotation especially the traditional medicine knowledge is the most abundant;According to the assessment,62.7%of the TK has a long history,developed in coordination with ethnic minorities and passed on actively,while 7.3%of the TK is narrowly distributed,16.4%of the genetic resources related to TK is seriously endangered,and 39.1%of the TK has no protection or inheritance measures at present.Based on the evaluation model of TK,it was calculated that the comprehensive evaluation value of TK related to biodiversity in northern Guizhou was between 0.34 and 0.91,and 66.3%of TK was gradeⅠorⅡ,which was in urgent need of protection.This study transforms the TK research from the previous theoretical analysis and phenomenon description to quantitative evaluation,and plays a practical role in promoting the application of TK in ecological resource management and biodiversity protection.

关 键 词：民族地区 传统知识 生物多样性 濒危 评估 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]