类器官培养技术在呼吸系统疾病中的应用  

Application of organoid culture technology in respiratory diseases

作　　者：李晓娜 齐先梅 张田甜 王婧[1] LI Xiaona;QI Xianmei;ZHANG Tiantian;WANG Jing(Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科科学院基础医学研究所,北京协和医学院基础学院,北京100010

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2023年第2期366-372,共7页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2021YFC2500700);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(No.2021RC310002)。

摘　　要：呼吸系统主要负责人体与外界的气体交换,包括上呼吸道和下呼吸道。上呼吸道由鼻、咽和喉组成,下呼吸道从近端到远端由气管、支气管、细支气管和肺泡组成。气管和支气管由假复层纤毛柱状上皮、基底细胞、杯状细胞和棒状细胞组成;细支气管除了上述细胞外,还有肺神经内分泌细胞;肺泡则主要由肺泡I型上皮细胞(alveolar type I cells, AT1)和肺泡II型上皮细胞(alveolar type II cells, AT2)组成。AT1扁而宽大,参与构成气-血屏障;AT2为立方形或圆形,主要功能为分泌表面活性物质,降低肺泡表面张力,维持肺泡形态。呼吸系统的病变会导致多种临床症状:咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难、呼吸衰竭、胸痛等,给患者带来严重负担。Organoid culture is a new biological technology, with significantly higher success rates and lower costs compared with the traditional 2D culture techniques. Organoids provide a new model for the study of organ development and disease as well as drug discovery. In this review, the research progress of organoids in respiratory diseases, such as lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary infectious diseases, is summarized, and prospects of organoid application are discussed for the further study of respiratory diseases.

关 键 词：类器官 呼吸系统疾病 干细胞 

分 类 号：R-33[医药卫生] R318.13R56