算法控制视域下平台用工劳动关系认定的困境与出路  

A New Approach to Labor Relation Determination of Platform Work under Algorithmic Control Context

作　　者：罗寰昕 Luo Huanxin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2023年第2期74-88,共15页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国社会法的概念、原则、理论与实践”(项目编号:18ZDA140);最高人民法院2022年度司法研究重大课题“算法技术的法律规制研究”(项目编号:ZGFYZDKT202211-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“算法控制”描述的是平台应用算法控制劳动力与劳动过程的用工事实。对“算法控制”进行从属性检验,人格从属性的检验要素可从指示与服从、监督与惩罚、考核与薪酬方面考察;经济从属性的判断可从经济依赖性和劳动力与生产资料结合的角度展开;对于利用算法实质实施劳动管理的平台,应认定其用工关系具备组织从属性。以“专送骑手”为分析样本,“算法控制”揭示其存在“共同雇主的劳动关系认定困境”。对此,规制重心应从“劳动关系”转向“劳动权利”,将共同雇主管理下用人单位如何归属的难题转化为共同雇主内部的用工责任如何分担的问题。平台处于平台用工生态的关键环节,控制核心劳动条件,应承担“守门人”责任。“从‘劳动关系’到‘劳动权利’”之提倡,强调对具有一定程度从属性的平台从业者予以相应劳动保护,对其他类型平台用工的劳动保护研究亦具有方法论意义。“Algorithm control” describes the fact that the platform applies algorithms to control the labor force and labor process. Taking subordination test of “algorithmic control”, personality subordination can be focused on the analysis of instructions, punishment, and remuneration;economic subordination can be developed from the perspective of economic dependency and the combination of labor and production materials;organizational subordination is established when the platform completely exercises labor management via algorithms. Taking “zhuansong” riders as analysis sample, “algorithmic control” reveals its difficulty in identifying labor relations under the co-employer context. To solve this issue, the focus on labor protection should be shifted from “labor relations” to “labor rights”, which makes the problem of employer identification transform into the problem of how the co-employers share labor responsibilities. In this scenario, due to the platform controlling essential working conditions as a key role in platform work, it should bear the gatekeeper responsibility. The advocate of “from ‘labor relations’ to ‘labor rights’ ” ensures proper labor protection for the platform workers with a certain extent of subordination, which is also methodologically meaningful for other kinds of platform work.

关 键 词：算法控制 平台用工 劳动关系认定 劳动权利 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]