中药提取物对果实抑菌防腐研究进展  

Research Progress on Antifungal and Antiseptic Effects of Chinese Herbal Extracts on Fruits

作　　者：石浩 冯敏[3] 丁仁惠 贺富胤 王仁才 SHI Hao;FENG Min;DING Ren-hui(College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology,Hunan Applied Technology University,Changde,Hunan 415000;College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128;Hunan Taoyuanming Fruit Biology Co.Changde,Hunan 415000)

机构地区：[1]湖南应用技术学院农林科技学院,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南桃渊明果业生物有限责任公司,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第3期11-14,27,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省创新平台与人才计划-农村科技特派员(2022NK4208);常德市科技创新指导性计划项目(2022ZD09);湖南应用技术学院校级重点项目(2021HYBS03);湖南省教育厅项目(19C1353);湖南省科技厅重点研发计划(2018NK2013)。

摘　　要：果实鲜食营养价值高,但贮藏期间易受病原真菌的侵染,导致果实快速腐烂,极大地缩短了果实的货架期,从而影响其经济价值和农户的收入水平,因此,找到更适合产业应用的高效、绿色保鲜技术就显得尤为重要。综述抑菌中药材、中药材中主要抑菌物质、提取物协同杀菌、杀菌机理及提取物对果实防腐保鲜的应用。研究表明,香辛植物和抑菌中药材中的挥发油、多糖和一些次生代谢物(黄酮、多酚、生物碱等)对果实具有很好的防腐效果;目前果实复配防腐保鲜剂中主要以混合挥发油、多糖+其他抑菌成分相结合,涂抹防腐为主。提取物主要以破坏菌体结构、改变遗传物质等方式进行杀灭病原菌;目前普遍采用的化学杀菌剂是最有效的手段,安全性更高的天然提取物和可食性涂膜等绿色保鲜剂是主要发展方向;同时,单一的保鲜技术无法达到工业应用时所要求的高效,因此,结合多种保鲜技术的综合防治保鲜方法将成为未来研究重点。Fresh fruits have high nutritional value,but they are susceptible to infection by pathogenic fungi during storage,which leads to rapid decay of the fruits,which greatly shortens the shelf life of the fruits.Thereby affecting their economic value and the income level of farmers.Therefore,it is particularly important to find efficient and green preservation technologies that are more suitable for industrial applications.This article reviews the antibacterial Chinese medicinal materials,main antibacterial substances in Chinese medicinal materials,synergistic sterilization of extracts,sterilization mechanism,and application of extracts to fruit preservation.The research shows that the volatile oils,polysaccharides and some secondary metabolites(flavonoids,polyphenols,alkaloids,etc.)in spicy plants and antibacterial Chinese medicinal materials have a good antiseptic effect on fruits;At present,the fruit compound antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent is mainly combined with mixed volatile oil,polysaccharides and other antibacterial ingredients,and the main application is antiseptic;At present,the compound preservatives for fruits mainly include the combination of mixed volatile oil,polysaccharide with other antibacterial components,and are mainly applied for antisepsis.The extract mainly kills pathogenic bacteria by destroying the structure of the bacteria,changing the genetic material,etc.Chemical fungicides commonly used at present are the most effective means,and green preservatives such as natural extracts and edible coatings with higher safety are the main development directions.At the same time,a single preservation technology cannot achieve the high efficiency required in industrial applications.Therefore,a comprehensive prevention and preservation method combining multiple preservation technologies will become the focus of future research.

关 键 词：中药 提取物 果实 抑菌 防腐 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]