2001—2019年蒙古高原生态系统质量时空格局变化及归因分析  被引量:4

Spatiotemporal variations and their cause analysis of ecosystem quality in Mongolian Plateau during 2001 to 2019

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作  者:张惠婷 孟凡浩 萨楚拉[1,2,3] 罗敏 王牧兰 李晨昊[4,5] ZHANG Hui-ting;MENG Fan-hao;SA Chu-la;LUO Min;WANG Mu-lan;LI Chenhao(College of Geographical Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot O10022,China;Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolia Plateau,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010022,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区:[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室,呼和浩特010022 [3]内蒙古自治区蒙古高原草原灾害与生态安全重点实验室,呼和浩特010022 [4]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [5]首都师范大学水资源安全北京实验室,北京100048

出  处:《生态学杂志》2023年第2期425-435,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基  金:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020BS03042,2020BS04009);国家自然科学基金项目(41861014);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0061);留学人员创新创业启动支持计划项目(5909002124)资助。

摘  要:蒙古高原作为典型内陆干旱半干旱区,其生态系统质量变化是全球及区域气候变化与人类活动影响的最直接指示。在气候变暖背景下,厘清蒙古高原生态系统质量时空变化及驱动因素,对蒙古高原如何应对气候变化和改善生态环境质量具有重要意义。本研究通过构建生态系统质量综合评价模型,评价2001—2019年蒙古高原不同生态区生态系统质量的时空变化特征,并量化气候因子和人类活动的影响。结果表明:2001—2019年蒙古高原生态系统质量空间分布呈东北高西南低的特点,多年平均值为50.89,混交林的生态系统质量均值最高,针叶林次之;受气候变化和人类活动协同影响,研究时段内生态系统质量整体以0.48 a^(-1)速率呈好转趋势,显著好转区域面积占31.07%;蒙古高原生态系统质量时空异质性大,变异系数由中部典型草原向北部(针叶林、落叶林)和南部(沙漠)逐渐递减,其中中等波动区域最多,占研究区面积的30.69%;影响因素中降水量占主导作用,中东部典型草原和西北部森林草原受其影响显著。2001—2019年人类活动对生态系统质量的变化表现为积极影响,退耕还林、荒漠化治理等生态修复工程促进了生态系统质量水平的提升。As a typical inland arid and semi-arid region, ecosystem quality(EQ) change of Mongolian Plateau is the most direct indicator of global and regional climate change and human activities. Under the background of climate warming, clarifying the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of EQ in Mongolian Plateau is of great significance for coping with climate change and improving the quality of ecological environment in Mongolian Plateau. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of EQ in different ecoregions of Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2019 by constructing a comprehensive ecosystem quality evaluation model, and quantified the role of climate factors and human activities. The results showed that the spatial distribution of EQ in Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2019 was characterized by a pattern of high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with an average annual EQ value of 50.89. The mixed forests had the highest mean value of EQ, followed by coniferous forests. Due to the synergistic effects of climate change and human activities, the overall EQ showed an improvement trend at a rate of 0.48 a^(-1)during the study period, with a significantly improved area accounting for 31.07%. There was strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the EQ of Mongolian Plateau, and the variation coefficient gradually decreased from the central typical steppe to the north(coniferous and deciduous forests) and south(deserts), with the most moderate fluctuation areas accounting for 30.69% of the whole region. Precipitation played a dominant role among the influencing factors, especially in the central and eastern typical steppes, as well as the northwestern forest steppes. Human activities showed a positive impact on the EQ from 2001 to 2019. Ecological restoration projects, such as reforestation and desertification control, promoted the improvement of the EQ.

关 键 词:蒙古高原 生态系统质量 时空格局 气候变化 人类活动 

分 类 号:X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]

 

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